This chapter offers a reading of a metaphor developed by Kuhn in the late 1960s and 1970s, most famously articulated in the Postscript to the second edition of Structure: to work through a revolutionary rupture, scientists on either side of the divide recognize each other as belonging to different language communities, and work to become translators. This chapter argues that not only has this metaphor been misunderstood, but its potential significance both for a Kuhnian view of scientific change and for the account of scientific communication that comes with it has been neglected. The process of becoming a translator poses challenges to the scientist commensurate with the duty of the translator not to transfer meaning, but to create it.