Abadie, Alberto, Krukker, David, Herr, Jane, and Imbens, Guido. 2004. “Implementing Matching Estimates for Average Treatment Effects.” The Stata Journal 4(3): 290–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Abraham, Henry J. 1999. Justices, Presidents, and Senators: A History of the U.S. Supreme Appointments from Washington to Clinton. New York: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar

Achury, Susan. 2019. “The Impact of Formal Authority in Latin American Constitutional Justice.” Unpublished doctoral dissertation on file with the University of Houston.Google Scholar

Adolph, Christopher. 2013. Bankers, Bureaucrats, and Central Bank Politics: The Myth of Neutrality. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Agüero, Felipe. 2003. “Chile: Unfinished Transition and Increased Political Competition.” In Constructing Governance in Latin America, 2nd edition, eds. Domínguez, Jorge I. and Shifter, Michael. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 292–320.Google Scholar

Alarie, Benjamin, and Green, Andrew J.. 2017. Commitment and Cooperation on High Courts: A Cross-Country Examination of Institutional Constraints on Judges. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Alemán, Eduardo, and Navia, Patricio. 2016. “Presidential Power, Legislative Rules, and Lawmaking in Chile.” In Legislative Institutions and Lawmaking in Latin America, eds. Alemán, Eduardo and Tsebelis, George. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 92–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Amaral-García, Sofia, Garoupa, Nuno, and Grembi, Veronica. 2009. “Judicial Independence and Party Politics in the Kelsenian Constitutional Courts: The Case of Portugal.” Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 6: 381–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Archer, Ronald P., and Shugart, Matthew S.. 1997. “The Unrealized Potential of Presidential Dominance in Colombia.” In Presidentialism and Democracy in Latin America, eds. Mainwaring, Scott and Shugart, Matthew S.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 110–159.Google Scholar

Asch, Solomon. 1952. Social Psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar

Ashenfelter, Orley, Eisenberg, Theodore, and Schwab, Stewart J.. 1995. “Politics and the Judiciary: The Influence of Judicial Background on Case Outcomes.” The Journal of Legal Studies 24: 257–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Austen-Smith, David. 2011. “Economic Methods in Positive Political Theory.” The Oxford Handbook of Political Science Online. www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199604456.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199604456-e-039.Google Scholar

Austen-Smith, David, and Banks, Jeffrey S.. 2010. Positive Political Theory I: Collective Preference. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar

Bagashka, Tanya, and Tiede, Lydia. 2018. “Explaining Dissensus on the Bulgarian Constitutional Court.” East European Politics 34: 418–439.Google Scholar

Banks, William C., and Alvarez, Edgar . 1991. “The New Colombian Constitution: Democratic Victory or Popular Surrender?” The University of Miami Inter-American Law Review 23: 39–92.Google Scholar

Barcikowski, Robert. 1981. “Statistical Power with Group Mean as the Unit of Analysis.” Journal of Educational Statistics 6(3): 267–285.Google Scholar

Barros, Robert. 2002. Constitutionalism and Dictatorship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Baum, Lawrence. 1997. The Puzzle of Judicial Behavior. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baum, Lawrence. 2006. Judges and Their Audiences: A Perspective on Judicial Behavior. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

BBC. 2017. “Poland Court Bill: Parliament Votes for Judicial Reforms.” BBC (July 20), www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-40670790Google Scholar

Beim, Deborah, and Kastellec, Jonathan P.. 2014. “The Interplay of Ideological Diversity, Dissents, and Discretionary Review in the Judicial Hierarchy: Evidence from Death Penalty Cases.” The Journal of Politics 76: 1074–1088.Google Scholar

Bello. 2021. “After the Storm: A Constitutional Convention Offers Chile a Chance of a New Social Contract.” The Economist (March 20), 32.Google Scholar

Bentsen, Henrik Litleré. 2018. “Court Leadership, Agenda Transformation, and Judicial Dissent: A European Case of a ‘Mysterious Demise of Consensual Norms’.” Journal of Law and Courts 6: 189–213.Google Scholar

Bergara, Mario, Richman, Barak, and Spiller, Pablo T.. 2003. “Modeling Supreme Court Strategic Decision-Making: The Congressional Constraint.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 28: 247–280.Google Scholar

Bernal, Carlos. 2013. “Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendments in the Case Study of Colombia: An Analysis of the Justification and Meaning of the Constitutional Replacement Doctrine.” International Journal of Constitutional Law 11: 339–357.Google Scholar

Bickel, Alexander M. 1986. The Least Dangerous Branch: The Supreme Court at the Bar of Politics. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Blackwell, Matthew, Iacus, Stefano, King, Gary, and Porro, Giuseppe. 2009. “CEM: Coarsened Exact Matching in Stata.” The Stata Journal 9: 524–546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Blair, Clifford, Higgins, J., Topping, Mary, and Mortimer, Allan. 1983. “An Investigation of the Robustness of the t Test to Unit of Analysis Violations.” Educational and Psychological Measurement 43: 69–80.Google Scholar

Bowen, Terry, and Scheb, John M.. 1993. “Reassessing the ‘Freshman Effect’: The Voting Bloc Alignment of New Justices on the United States Supreme Court, 1921–90.” Political Behavior 15: 1–14.Google Scholar

Boyd, Christina, Epstein, Lee, and Martin, Andrew. 2010. “Untangling the Causal Effects of Sex on Judging.” American Journal of Political Science 54: 389–411.Google Scholar

Brinks, Daniel, and Blass, Abby. 2017. “Rethinking Judicial Empowerment: The New Foundations of Constitutional Justice.” International Journal of Constitutional Law 15: 296–331.Google Scholar

Brinks, Daniel, and Blass, Abby. 2018. The DNA of Constitutional Justice in Latin America: Politics, Governance, and Judicial Design, Comparative Constitutional Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Brock, William A., and Durlauf, Steven N.. 2007. “Identification of Binary Choice Models with Social Interactions.” Journal of Econometrics 140: 52–75.Google Scholar

Brouard, Sylvain, and Hönnige, Christoph. 2017. “Constitutional Courts as Veto Players: Lessons from the United States, France and Germany.” European Journal of Political Research 56: 529–552.Google Scholar

Brudney, James, Schiavoni, S, and Deborah, Merrit. 1999. “Judicial Hostility toward Labor Unions? Applying the Social Background Model to a Celebrated Concern.” Ohio State Law Journal 60: 1675–1771.Google Scholar

Bushnell, David. 1993. The Making of Modern Colombia: A Nation in Spite of Itself. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Caldeira, Teresa P. R., and Holston, James. 1999. “Democracy and Violence in Brazil.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 41(4): 691–729.Google Scholar

Cameron, A. Colin, Gelbach, Jonah B., and Miller, Douglas L.. 2011. “Robust Inference with Multi-way Clustering.” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 19: 238–249.Google Scholar

Cameron, Charles. 2002. “Judicial Independence: How Can You Tell It When You See It? And Who Cares?” In Judicial Independence at the Crossroads: An Interdisciplinary Approach, eds. Burbank, Stephen B. and Friedman, Barry. Thousand Oaks: Sage. 134–147.Google Scholar

Cameron, Charles M., and Kornhauser, Lewis A.. 2017a. “Theorizing the U.S. Supreme Court.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics, online. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.264.Google Scholar

Cameron, Charles M., and Kornhauser, Lewis A.. 2017b. “Rational Choice Attitudinalism?” European Journal of Law and Economics 43: 535–554.Google Scholar

Carey, John. 2002. “Parties, Coalitions, and the Chilean Congress in the 1990s.” In Legislative Politics in Latin America, eds. Morgenstern, Scott and Nacif, Benito. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 222–253.Google Scholar

Carothers, Thomas. 1999. Aiding Democracy Abroad: The Learning Curve. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Google Scholar

Carroll, Royce, and Pachón, Mónica. 2016. “The Unrealized Potential of Presidential Coalitions in Colombia.” In Legislative Institutions and Lawmaking in Latin America, eds. Alemán, Eduardo and Tsebelis, George. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 122–147.Google Scholar

Carroll, Royce, and Tiede, Lydia. 2011. “Judicial Review of the Chilean Constitutional Tribunal.” Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 8(4): 856–877.Google Scholar

Carroll, Royce, and Tiede, Lydia. 2012. “Ideological Voting on Chile’s Constitutional Tribunal: Dissent Coalitions in the Adjudication of Rights.” Journal of Human Rights 11: 85–105.Google Scholar

Cepeda Espinosa, Manuel José. 1985. “Las Relaciones entre el Presidente y La Corte durante la Emergencia Económica: Un Semidiós Enfrentando a un Monstruo.” In Manuel José Cepeda Espinosa, ed., Estado de Sitio y Emergencia Económica. Bogotá: Contraloría General de la República, 43-71.Google Scholar

Cepeda Espinosa, Manuel José. 2004. “Judicial Activism in a Violent Context: The Origin, Role, and Impact of the Colombian Constitutional Court.” Washington University Global Legal Studies Law Review 3: 529–700.Google Scholar

Cepeda Espinosa, Manuel José. 2019. “Responsive Constitutionalism.” Annual Review of Law and Social Science 15: 21–40.Google Scholar

Cepeda Espinosa, Manuel José, and Landau, David. 2017. Colombian Constitutional Law: Leading Cases. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Coleman, James S. 1990. Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Conlisk, John. 1980. “Costly Optimizers versus Cheap Imitators.” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 1: 275–293.Google Scholar

Contreras, Dante, and Sehnbruch, Kirsten. 2014. “Social Policies: From Social Debt to Welfare State?” In Democratic Chile: The Policies of a Historic Coalition 1990–2010, eds. Sehnbruch, Kirsten and Siavelis, Peter. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner. 243–262.Google Scholar

Correa Sutil, Jorge. 1993. “The Judiciary and Political System in Chile: The Dilemmas of Judicial Independence during the Transition to Democracy.” In Transition to Democracy in Latin America: The Role of the Judiciary, ed. Stotzky, Ivan. Oxford: Westview Press. 89–106.Google Scholar

Correa Sutil, Jorge, and Molina Osorio, María. 2015. “¿Año de Incertezas? Indicios de Potencial Inestabilidad en la Jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional Durante el 2014. Anuario de Derecho Público 1: 97–140.Google Scholar

Couso, Javier. 2004. “The Politics of Judicial Review in Chile in the Era of Democratic Transition, 1990–2002.” In Democratization and the Judiciary: The Accountability Function of Courts in New Democracies, eds. Gloppen, Siri, Gargarella, Roberto, and Skaar, Elin. London: Frank Cass.Google Scholar

Couso, Javier. 2011. “Models of Democracy and Models of Constitutionalism: The Case of Chile’s Constitutional Court, 1970–2010.” Texas Law Review 89(7): 1517–1536.Google Scholar

Couso, Javier, and Coddou, Alberto. 2010. “La Natureleza Jurídica de la Acción de inaplicabilidad en la Jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional: un Desafío Pendiente.” Estudios Constitucionales 8(2): 389–430.Google Scholar

Couso, Javier, and Hilbink, Lisa. 2011. “From Quietism to Incipient Activism: The Institutional and Ideological Roots of Rights Adjudication in Chile.” In Courts in Latin America, eds. Helmke, Gretchen and Ríos-Figueroa, Julio. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 99–122.Google Scholar

Couso, Javier, Parmo, Domingo Lovera, Guiloff, Matías, and Coddou, Alberto. 2011. Constitutional Law in Chile. The Netherlands: Wolters Kluwer.Google Scholar

Cross, Frank B., and Tiller, Emerson H.. 1998. “Judicial Partisanship and Obedience to Legal Doctrine: Whistleblowing on the Federal Courts of Appeals.” Yale Law Journal 107: 2155–2176.Google Scholar

Dahl, Robert. 1957. “Decision-Making in a Democracy: The Supreme Court as a National Policy-Maker.” Journal of Public Law 6: 279–295Google Scholar

Danelski, David. 1960. “The Influence of the Chief Justice in the Decisional Process of the Supreme Court”. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Political Science Association, New York.Google Scholar

Danelski, David. 1986. “Causes and Consequences of Conflict and Its Resolution in the Supreme Court.” In Judicial Conflict and Consensus: Behavioral Studies of American Appellate Courts, eds. Lamb, C. and Goldman, S.. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press. 21–49.Google Scholar

Dargent, Eduardo. 2009. “Determinants of Judicial Independence: Lessons from Three ‘Cases’ of Constitutional Courts in Peru (1982–2007).” Journal of Latin American Studies 41: 251.Google Scholar

Dargent, Eduardo, and Muñoz, Paula. 2011. “Democracy against Parties: Party System Deinstitutionalization in Colombia.” Journal of Politics in Latin America 3(2): 43–71.Google Scholar

Dix, Robert H. 1987. The Politics of Colombia. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar

Dobkin, Donald S. 2007. “Court Stripping and Limitations on Judicial Review of Immigration Cases.” Justice System Journal 28: 104.Google Scholar

Domínguez, Jorge I., and Shifter, Michael. 2003. Constructing Democratic Governance in Latin America, 2nd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar

Domínguez, Jorge I., and Shifter, Michael. 2013. Constructing Democratic Governance in Latin America, 4th ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar

Douglas, William O. 1948. “Address to the American Bar Association.” In Judges on Judging: Views from the Bench, ed. O’Brien, D. Washington, DC: CQ Press.Google Scholar

Drake, Paul W., and Jaksić, Iván. 1995. “Transformation and Transition in Chile, 1982–1990.” In The Struggle for Democracy in Chile, eds. Drake, Paul and Jaksić, Iván. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. 1–17.Google Scholar

Drake, Paul W., and Jaksić, Iván. 1999. El Modelo Chileno: Democracia Y Desarrollo En Los Noventa. Santiago, Chile: LOM Ediciones.Google Scholar

Driscoll, Amanda, and Nelson, Michael J.. 2015. “Judicial Selection and the Democratization of Justice: Lessons from the Bolivian Elections.” Journal of Law and Courts Spring: 115–148.Google Scholar

Duce, Mauricio and Riego, Cristián. 2009. “La Prisión Preventiva en Chile: El Impacto de la Reforma Procesal Penal y de sus Cambios Posteriores.” Santiago: CEJA. 151–212.Google Scholar

Duque Daza, Javier. 2006. “Partidos Divididos, Dirigencia Fragmentada: Los Partidos Liberal y Conservador Colombianos 1974–2006.” Convergencia 13(41): 173–209.Google Scholar

Duque Daza, Javier. 2011. “Redefinición de las Reglas de Juego. Las Reformas al Sistema Electoral Colombiano como un Caso de Volatilidad Institucional, 1991–2011.” Papel Político 16(2): 421–460..Google Scholar

Duque Daza, Javier. 2015. “¿ Presidentes Legislando? Las Facultades Legislativas en el Presidencialismo Colombiano 1991–2014.” Revista Estudios Socio-Jurídicos 17(1): 79–123.Google Scholar

Elacqua, Gregory, and González Soto, Pablo. 2014. “Education: Freedom of Choice or Enterprise.” In Democratic Chile: The Politics and Policies of a Historic Coalition, 1990–2010, eds. Sehnbruch, Kirsten and Siavelis, Peter M.. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner. 281–305.Google Scholar

Ely, John Hart. 1980. Democracy and Distrust: A Theory of Judicial Review. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Epperly, Brad. 2017. “Political Competition and De Facto Judicial Independence in Non-democracies.” European Journal of Political Research 56(2): 279–300.Google Scholar

Epstein, Lee, and Knight, Jack. 1998. The Choices Justices Make. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.Google Scholar

Epstein, Lee, and Knight, Jack. 2013. “Reconsidering Judicial Preferences.” Annual Review of Political Science 16: 11–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Epstein, Lee, and Posner, Eric A.. 2016. “Supreme Court Justices’ Loyalty to the President.” The Journal of Legal Studies 45(2): 401–436.Google Scholar

Epstein, Lee, Landes, William, and Posner, Robert. 2011. “Why (and When) Judges Dissent: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis.” Journal of Legal Analysis 3: 101–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Epstein, Lee, Landes, William, and Posner, Robert. 2013. The Behavior of Federal Judges: A Theoretical and Empirical Study of Rational Choice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Eskridge, William, Jr. 1991a. “Overriding Supreme Court Statutory Interpretation Decisions.” Yale Law Journal 101: 331–455.Google Scholar

Eskridge, William, 1991b. “Reneging on History? Playing the Courts/Congress/President Civil Rights Game.” California Law Review 79: 613–684.Google Scholar

Faundez, Julio. 1980. “The Defeat of Politics: Chile under Allende.” Boletín de Estudios Latinoamericanos y del Caribe 28: 59–75.Google Scholar

Faundez, Julio. 1997. “In Defense of Presidentialism: The Case of Chile, 1932–1970.” In Presidentialism and Democracy in Latin America, eds. Mainwaring, Scott and Shugart, Matthew. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 300–319.Google Scholar

Faundez, Julio. 2007. Democratization, Development, and Legality: Chile, 1831–1973. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Feld, Lars P., and Voigt, Stefan. 2003. “Economic Growth and Judicial Independence: Cross-Country Evidence Using a New Set of Indicators.” European Journal of Political Economy 19: 497–527.Google Scholar

Fernández, Adriela, and Vera, Marisol. 2012. “The Bachelet Presidency and the End of Chile’s Concertación Era.” Latin American Perspectives 39: 5–18.Google Scholar

Figueroa, Dante. 2013. “Constitutional Review in Chile Revisited: A Revolution in the Making.” Duquesne Law Review 51: 387–419.Google Scholar

Finkel, Jodi. 2004. “Judicial Reform in Argentina in the 1990s: How Electoral Incentives Shape Institutional Change.” Latin American Research Review 39: 56–80.Google Scholar

Fischman, Joshua. 2011. “Estimating Preferences of Circuit Judges: A Model of Consensus Voting.” Journal of Law and Economics 54: 781–809.Google Scholar

Fischman, Joshua. 2015. “Interpreting Circuit Court Voting Patterns: A Social Interactions Framework.” The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 31: 808–841.Google Scholar

Flemming, Roy B., and Dan Wood, B.. 1997. “The Public and the Supreme Court: Individual Justice Responsiveness to American Policy Moods.” American Journal of Political Science 41: 468–498.Google Scholar

Fontana, David. 2011. “Docket Control and the Success of Constitutional Courts.” In Comparative Constitutional Law, eds. Ginsburg, Tom and Dixon, Rosalind. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. 624–641.Google Scholar

Fox, Donald T., and Stetson, Anne. 1992. “The 1991 Constitutional Reform: Prospects for Democracy and the Rule of Law in Colombia.” Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 24: 139–163.Google Scholar

Franz, Tobias, and Gómez Suárez, Andrei. 2019. “Why Is Colombia Striking for Change.” London School of Economics, Latin America and Caribbean blogs (December 16).Google Scholar

Friedman, Barry. 2004. “The Importance of Being Positive: The Nature and Function of Judicial Review.” University of Cincinnati Law Review 72: 1257–1303.Google Scholar

Friedman, Barry. 2005. “The Politics of Judicial Review.” Texas Law Review 84: 257–337.Google Scholar

Friedman, Barry. 2006. “Taking Law Seriously.” Perspectives on Politics 4(2): 261–276.Google Scholar

Fuentes, Claudio A. 2014. “Democratizing Chile through Constitutional Reforms.” In Democratic Chile: The Politics and Policies of a Historic Coalition, 1990–2010, eds. Sehnbruch, Kirsten and Siavelis, Peter. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner. 69–102.Google Scholar

Gaceta Especial Sala Constitucional. 1993. La reforma constitucional de 1991. Tomo 1. Santafé de Bogotá.Google Scholar

Gamboa, Ricardo, and Morales, Mauricio. 2018. “Chile’s 2015 Electoral Reform: Changing the Rules of the Game.” Latin American Politics and Society 58: 126–144.Google Scholar

García-Jaramillo, Santiago, and Gnecco-Estrada, Francisco. 2016. La teoría de la sustitución: de la protección de la supremacía e integridad de la constitución, a la aniquilación de la titularidad del poder de reforma constitucional en el órgano legislativo, 133 Vniversitas, 59–104.Google Scholar

García Odgers, Ramón, and Bravo-Hurtado, Pablo. 2018. “Reforms on Court Management in Chile.” Presented at the Conference on Judicial Management from Comparative Perspective, Tianjin China (August 2018).Google Scholar

Garlicki, Lech. 2007. “Constitutional Courts versus Supreme Courts.” International Journal of Constitutional Law 5: 44–68.Google Scholar

Garoupa, Nuno, and Ginsburg, Tom. 2015. Judicial Reputation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Garoupa, Nuno, and Grembi, Veronica. 2015. “Judicial Review and Political Partisanship: Moving from Consensual to Majoritarian Democracy.” International Review of Law and Economics 43: 32–45.Google Scholar

Garoupa, Nuno, Gómez-Pomar, Fernando, and Grembi, Veronica. 2013a. “Judging under Political Pressure: An Empirical Analysis of Constitutional Review Voting in the Spanish Constitutional Court.” Journal of Law, Economics and Organization 29(3): 513–534.Google Scholar

Garoupa, Nuno, Gómez-Pomar, Fernando, and Grembi, Veronica. 2013b. “Political Influence and Career Judges: An Empirical Analysis of Administrative Review by the Spanish Supreme Court.” Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 9(4): 795–826.Google Scholar

Garoupa, Nuno, Gill, Rebecca, and Tiede, Lydia, eds. 2021a. High Courts in Global Perspective Evidence, Methodologies, and Findings. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.Google Scholar

Garoupa, Nuno, Gili, Marian, and Gómez-Pomar, Fernando. 2021b. “Mixed Judicial Selection and Constitutional Review: Evidence from Spain.” European Constitutional Law Review 17: 1–27.Google Scholar

Garoupa, Nuno, Gili, Marian, and Gómez-Pomar, Fernando. 2021c. “Loyalty to the Party or Loyalty to the Party Leader: Evidence from the Spanish Constitutional Court.” International Review of Law and Economics forthcoming doi:10.1016/j.irle.2021.105999.Google Scholar

Garretón, Manuel Antonio. 1993. “La Redemocratizacón en Chile: Transición, Inauguración y Evolución.” Estudios Interdisciplinarios de América Latina y el Caribe 4(1): 5–25. http://eial.tau.ac.il/index.php/eial/article/view/1248.Google Scholar

Gely, Rafael, and Spiller, Pablo T.. 1990. “A Rational Choice Theory of Supreme Court Statutory Decisions and the Applications to the State Farm and Grove City Cases.” Journal of Law, Economics and Organization 6: 263–300.Google Scholar

George, Tracey E. 2001. “Court Fixing.” Arizona Law Review 43(1): 9–62.Google Scholar

George, Tracey E. 2008. “From Judge to Justice: Social Background Theory and the Supreme Court.” North Carolina Law Review 86: 1333–1367.Google Scholar

Giles, Micheal, Hettinger, Virginia, and Peppers, Todd. 2001. “Picking Federal Judges: A Note on Policy and Partisan Selection Agendas.” Political Research Quarterly 54: 623.Google Scholar

Gilman, Howard. 1993. The Constitution Besieged: The Rise and Demise of Lochner Era Police Powers Jurisprudence. Durham: Duke University Press.Google Scholar

Ginsburg, Tom. 2003. Judicial Review in New Democracies: Constitutional Courts in Asian Cases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Goff, Brian. 2005. “Supreme Court Consensus and Dissent: Estimating the Role of the Selection Screen.” Public Choice 122: 483–499.Google Scholar

González Schmessane, Andrea. 2017. “Jueces recurren a la Comisión Internacional DDHH en busca de Independencia Judicial.” Emol.com (March 15). www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2017/03/15/849509/Jueces-recurren-a-la-Comision-Internacional-de-DDHH-en-busca-de-independencia-judicial.html.Google Scholar

Gottschall, Jon. 1986. “Reagan’s Appointments to the U.S. Courts of Appeals: The Continuation of a Judicial Revolution.” Judicature 70: 48–54.Google Scholar

Grossman, Guy, Gazal-Ayal, Oren, Pimentel, Samuel D., and Weinstein, Jeremy M.. 2016. “Descriptive Representation and Judicial Outcomes in Multiethnic Societies.” American Journal of Political Science 60: 44–69.Google Scholar

Gutmann, Amy, and Thompson, Dennis. 1996. Democracy and Disagreement. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Haas, Liesl, and Blofield, Merike. 2014. “Political Reform and Gender Equality.” In Democratic Chile: The Politics and Policies of a Historic Coalition, 1990–2010, eds. Sehnbruch, Kirsten and Siavelis, Peter. Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner. 119–142.Google Scholar

Haggard, Stephan, and Kaufman, Robert R.. 1995. The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Haggard, Stephan, and McCubbins, Matthew, eds. 2001. Presidents, Parliaments, and Policy, Political Economy of Institutions and Decisions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Hammergren, Linn. 2002. “Do Judicial Councils Further Reform? Lessons from Latin America.” In Rule of Law Series #28. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment of International Peace.Google Scholar

Hammergren, Linn. 2007. Envisioning Reform: Improving Judicial Performance in Latin America. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar

Hanretty, Chris. 2014. “The Bulgarian Constitutional Court as an Additional Legislative Chamber.” East European Politics & Societies 28(3): 540–558.Google Scholar

Hanssen, F. Andrew. 2004. “Learning about Judicial Independence: Institutional Change in the State Courts.” Journal of Legal Studies 33: 431–473.Google Scholar

Heiss, Claudia, and Navia, Patricio. 2007. “You Win Some, You Lose Some: Constitutional Reforms in Chile’s Transition to Democracy.” Latin American Politics and Society 49: 163–190.Google Scholar

Helmke, Gretchen. 2002. “The Logic of Strategic Defection: Court–Executive Relations in Argentina under Dictatorship and Democracy.” American Political Science Review 96: 291–303.Google Scholar

Helmke, Gretchen, and Sanders, Mitchell. 2006. “Modeling Motivations: A Method for Inferring Judicial Goals from Behavior.” American Journal of Political Science 68(4): 867–878.Google Scholar

Herron, Erik, and Randazzo, Kirk. 2003. “The Relationship between Independence and Judicial Review in Post-Communist Courts.” The Journal of Politics 65: 422–438.Google Scholar

Hettinger, Virginia, Lindquist, Stefanie, and Martinek, Wendy. 2003. “Acclimation Effects and Separate Opinion Writing in the U.S. Courts of Appeals.” Social Science Quarterly 84: 792–810.Google Scholar

Hilbink, Lisa. 2007. Judges beyond Politics in Democracy and Dictatorship: Lessons from Chile. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Hilbink, Lisa. 2012. “The Origins of Positive Judicial Independence.” World Politics 64: 587–621.Google Scholar

Hirschl, Ran. 2000. “The Political Origins of Judicial Empowerment through Constitutionalization: Lessons from Four Constitutional Revolutions.” Law & Social Inquiry 25: 91–149.Google Scholar

Hirschl, Ran. 2004. Towards Juristocracy: The Origins and Consequences of the New Constitutionalism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Hönnige, C. 2009. “The Electoral Connection: How the Pivotal Judge Affects Oppositional Success at European Constitutional Courts.” West European Politics 32(5): 963–984.Google Scholar

Ho, Daniel E., Imai, Kosuke, King, Gary, and Stuart, Elizabeth A.. 2007. “Matching as Nonparametric Preprocessing for Reducing Model Dependence in Parametric Causal Inference.” Political Analysis 15(3): 199–236.Google Scholar

Holden, Richard, Michael, Keane, and Matthew, Lilley. 2021. Peer Effects on the United States Supreme Court. Quantitative Economics 12(3): 981–1019.Google Scholar

Hong, Joon Seok. 2019. “Signaling the Turn: The Supermajority Requirement and Judicial Power on the Constitutional Court of Korea.” The American Journal of Comparative Law 67: 177–217.Google Scholar

Howard, Bob, and Segal, Jeffrey. 2004. “A Preference for Deference? The Supreme Court and Judicial Review.” Political Research Quarterly 57(1): 131–143.Google Scholar

Hox, Joop. 2018. Multilevel Analysis: Techniques and Application. New York: Taylor and Francis.Google Scholar

Iaryczower, Matias, and Shum, Matthew. 2012. “The Value of Information in the Court: Get It Right, Keep It Tight.” American Economic Review 102: 202–237.Google Scholar

Iaryczower, Matías, Spiller, Pablo T., and Tommasi, Mariano. 2002. “Judicial Independence in Unstable Environments, Argentina 1935–1998.” American Journal of Political Science 46: 699–716.Google Scholar

International IDEA (International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance). 2017. “Judicial Appointments.” Constitution Building Primers.Google Scholar

Jaros, Dean, and Canon, Bradley C. 1971. “Dissent on State Supreme Courts: The Differential Significance of Characteristics of Judges.” Midwest Journal of Political Science 15: 322–346.Google Scholar

Kapiszewski, Diana. 2012. High Courts and Economic Governance in Argentina and Brazil. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Kastellec, Jonathan P. 2007. “Panel Composition and Judicial Compliance on the U.S. Courts of Appeals.” Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 23: 421–441.Google Scholar

Keck, Thomas M. 2007. “Party, Policy, or Duty: Why Does the Supreme Court Invalidate Federal Statutes?” American Political Science Review 101: 321–338.Google Scholar

Kelemen, Katalina. 2013. “Dissenting Opinions on Constitutional Courts.” German Law Journal 14(8): 1345–1372.Google Scholar

Kelsen, Hans. 1928. “La Garantie Juridictionnelle de la Constitution.” Revue du Droit Public 44: 197–257.Google Scholar

Kelsen, Hans. 1942. “Judicial Review of Legislation: A Comparative Study of the Austrian and American Constitution. The Journal of Politics 4: 183–200.Google Scholar

Kiewiet, D. Roderick, and McCubbins, Mathew. 1991. The Logic of Delegation: Congressional Parties and the Appropriations Process. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Lewis, Kornhauser. 1992. “Modeling Collegial Courts I: Path-Dependence.” International Review of Law and Economics 12: 169–185.Google Scholar

Krackhardt, David. 1998. “Endogenous Preferences: A Structural Approach.” In Non-Rational Aspects of Organizational Decision Making, eds. Helpern, Jennifer and Stern, Robert N.. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 239–247.Google Scholar

Lagos, Ricardo. 2012. Southern Tiger: Chile’s Fight for a Democratic and Prosperous Future. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Lamprea, Everaldo. 2010. “When Accountability Meets Judicial Independence: A Case Study of the Colombian Constitutional Court’s Nominations.” Global Jurist 10: 1–38.Google Scholar

Landau, David. 2005. “The Two Discourses in Colombian Constitutional Jurisprudence: A New Approach to Modeling Judicial Behavior in Latin America.” George Washington International Law Review 37(3): 687–744.Google Scholar

Landau, David. 2014. “A Dynamic Theory of Judicial Role.” Boston College Law Review 55: 1501–1562.Google Scholar

Landau, David. 2015. “Beyond Judicial Independence: The Construction of Judicial Power in Colombia.” Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. School of Arts & Sciences. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14226088Google Scholar

Landau, David. 2016. “Political Support and Structural Constitutional Law.” Alabama Law Review 67(4): 1069–1124.Google Scholar

Landes, William, and Posner, Richard. 1975. “The Independent Judiciary in an Interest-Group Perspective. Journal of Law and Economics 18(3): 875–901.Google Scholar

Langer, Laura, and Brace, Paul. 2005. “The Preemptive Power of State Supreme Courts: Adoption of Abortion and Death Penalty Legislation.” Policy Studies Journal 33: 317–340.Google Scholar

LaRosa, Michael J., and Mejía, Germán R.. 2013. Colombia: A Concise Contemporary History, updated 1st ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar

LaRosa, Michael J., and Mejía, Germán R.. 2017. Colombia: A Concise Contemporary History, updated 2nd ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar

Law, David S. 2011. “Why Has Judicial Review Failed in Japan?” Washington University Law Review 88: 1425–1466.Google Scholar

Levitsky, Steven, and Way, Lucan. 2010. Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Levy, Marin K. 2017. “Panel Assignment in the Federal Courts of Appeals.” Cornell Law Review 103: 65–116.Google Scholar

Linz, Juan J., and Stepan, Alfred. 1996. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar

Liptak, Adam. 2020. “John Roberts Was Already Chief Justice. But Now It’s His Court. New York Times (June 30). www.nytimes.com/2020/06/30/us/john-roberts-supreme-court.html (last accessed July 2020).Google Scholar

Londregan, John. 2001. “Appointment, Reelection, and Autonomy in the Senate of Chile.” In Legislative Politics in Latin America, eds. Morgenstern, Scott and Nacif, Benito. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 341–376.Google Scholar

Luna, Juan Pablo. 2021. “Chiles Fractured Democratic Consensus.” In Divisive Politics and Democratic Dangers in Latin America, eds. Carothers, Thomas and Feldmann, Andreas. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 13–17.Google Scholar

López, Ramón. 2014. “Fiscal Policy: Promoting Faustian Growth.” In Democratic Chile: The Policies of a Historic Coalition 1990–2010, eds. Sehnbruch, Kirsten and Siavelis, Peter. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner. 199–220.Google Scholar

López, Santiago. 2005. “Partidos Desafiantes en América Latina: Representación Política y Estrategias de Competencia de las Nuevas Oposiciones.” Revista de Ciencia Política (Santiago) 25(2): 37–64.Google Scholar

Losada, Rodrigo, and Liendo, Nicolás. 2016. “El Partido “Centro Democrático” en Colombia: Razones de su Surgimiento y Éxito.” Análisis Político 29(87): 49–51.Google Scholar

Loveman, Brian. 1994. “Protected Democracies and Military Guardianship: Political Transitions in Latin America, 1978–1993.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 36(2): 105–189.Google Scholar

Loveman, Brian. 2007. “The Transition to Civilian Government in Chile, 1990–1994.” In The Struggle for Democracy in Chile, eds. Drake, Paul and Jaksić, Iván. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar

Mac-Clure, Lucas. 2011. “Tribunal Constitucional y los Derechos: La Discusión Pendiente.” In Frente a La Mayoría: Leyes Supramayoritarias Y Tribunal Constitucional En Chile, eds. Sierra, Lucas I. and Mac-Clure, Lucas. Santiago, Chile: Centro de Estudios Públicos (CEP), Corporación de Estudios para Latinoamérica (CIEPLAN), Libertad y Desarrollo, Proyectamérica. 171–274.Google Scholar

MacGregor Burns, James. 2009. Packing the Court: The Rise of Judicial Power and the Coming Crisis of the Supreme Court. New York: Penguin Press.Google Scholar

MacGregor Burns, James. 2010. Packing the Court: The Rise of Judicial Power and the Coming Crisis of the Supreme Court. London: Penguin Books.Google Scholar

Magaloni, Beatriz. 2003. “Authoritarianism, Democracy and the Supreme Court: Horizontal Exchange and the Rule of Law in Mexico.” In Democratic Accountability in Latin America, eds. Mainwaring, S. and Welna, C.. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press.Google Scholar

Mainwaring, Scott, and Shugart, Matthew. 1997. Presidentialism and Democracy in Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Manski, Charles F. 1993. “Identification of Endogenous Social Effects: The Reflection Problem.” Review of Economic Studies 60: 531–542.Google Scholar

Manski, Charles F. 2000. “Economic Analysis of Social Interactions.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 14:115–136.Google Scholar

Marks, Brian A. 1989. “A Model of Judicial Influence on Congressional Policymaking: Grove City College v. Bell.” Unpublished dissertation, Washington University.Google Scholar

Mavčič, Arne Marjan. 2018. Constitutional Review Systems around the World. Lake Mary, FL: Vandeplas.Google Scholar

McCubbins, Matthew, Noll, Roger, and Weingast, Barry. 1995. “Politics and Courts: A Positive Theory of Judicial Doctrine and the Rule of Law.” Southern California Law Review 68: 1631–1681.Google Scholar

McCubbins, Matthew, Noll, Roger, and Weingast, Barry. 2006. “Conditions for Judicial Independence.” Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues 15: 105.Google Scholar

McCubbins, Matthew, Noll, Roger, and Weingast, Barry. 2007. “The Political Economy of Law.” In Handbook of Law and Economics, vol. 2, eds. Polinsky, Mitchell and Shavell, Steven, 2 vols. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 1654–1738.Google Scholar

McGuire, Kevin T. 1995. “Repeat Players in the Supreme Court: The Role of Experienced Lawyers in Litigation Success.” Journal of Politics 57(1): 187–196.Google Scholar

El Mercurio. 2017. “Discusión por aborto: Amplitud llama a no politizar el Tribunal Constitucional La directiva del partido de oposición realizó esta petición luego de que los parlamentarios de Chile Vamos anunciaran que acudirían a este organismo en caso de que se apruebe la despenalización de la interrupción del embarazo en tres causales.” www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2017/07/22/867963/Representantes-de-Amplitud-llaman-a-no-politizar-el-Tribunal-Constitucional.htmlGoogle Scholar

Merhof, Katrin. 2015. “Building a Bridge between Reality and the Constitution: The Establishment and Development of the Colombian Constitutional Court.” International Journal of Constitutional Law 13(3): 714–732.Google Scholar

Merryman, John, and Pérez-Perdomo, Rogelio. 2007. Th Civil Law Tradition: An Introduction to the Legal Systems of Europe and Latin America. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Miles, Thomas J., and Sunstein, Cass R. 2006. “Do Judges Make Regulatory Policy? An Empirical Investigation of Chevron.” University of Chicago Law Review 73: 823–882.Google Scholar

Mohor, Alejandra, and Covarrubias, Víctor. 2007. El Nuevo Procedimiento Penal en Chile. Santiago, Chile: RIL Editores.Google Scholar

Montes, Juan Esteban, and Vial, Tomás. 2005. “The Role of Constitution-Building Processes in Democratization: Case Study Chile.” In The Role of Constitution-Building Processes in Democratization. Stockholm, Sweden: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA).Google Scholar

Montoya, Ana. 2013. “‘Si no Vas al Senado, No te Eligen Magistrado’: Instituciones Informales y Criterios de Selección de los Magistrados de la Corte Constitucional Colombiana en el Senado (1992–2009).” Colombia Internacional 79: 155–190.Google Scholar

Moreno, Erica, Crisp, Brian, and Shugart, Matthew. 2003. “The Accountability Deficit in Latin America.” In Democratic Accountability in Latin America, eds. Mainwaring, Scott and Welna, Christoper. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 79–131.Google Scholar

Morgenstern, Scott, and Nacif, Benito, eds. 2002. Legislative Politics in Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Muñoz León, Fernando. 2014. “Morning-After Decisions: Legal Mobilization against Emergency Contraception in Chile” Michigan Journal of Gender and Law 21(1): 123–175.Google Scholar

Myerson, Roger B. 1998. “Population Uncertainty and Poisson Games.” International Journal of Game Theory 27: 375–392.Google Scholar

Myerson, Roger B. 2002. “Comparison of Scoring Rules in Poisson Voting Games.” Journal of Economic Theory 103: 217–251.Google Scholar

Naurin, Daniel, and Stiansen, Øyvind. 2020. “The Dilemma of Dissent: Split Judicial Decisions and Compliance with Judgments from the International Human Rights Judiciary.” Comparative Political Studies 53: 959–991.Google Scholar

Navarro Beltran, Enrique. 2011. “El Control De Constitucionalidad De La Leyes En Chile (1811–2011).” Cuadernos del Tribunal Constitucional 43: 31.Google Scholar

Navia, Patricio, and Godoy, Ricardo. 2014. “The Alianza’s Quest to Win Power Democratically.” In Democratic Chile: The Politics and Policies of a Historic Coalition, 1990–2010, eds. Sehnbruch, Kirsten and Siavelis, Peter. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner. 43–48.Google Scholar

Nunes, Rodrigo. 2010. “Ideational Origins of Progressive Judicial Activism: The Colombian Constitutional Court and the Right to Health.” Latin American Politics and Society 52(3): 67–97.Google Scholar

O’Brien, David M. 2011. Storm Center: The Supreme Court in American Politics, 9th ed. New York: W.W. Norton.Google Scholar

Oppenheim, Lois Hecht. 2007. Politics in Chile: Socialism, Authoritarianism, and Market Democracy, 3rd ed. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar

Orren, Karen, and Skowronek, Stephen. 2004. The Search for American Political Development. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Ostberg, C. L., and Wetstein, Matthew. 2007. Attitudinal Decision Making in the Supreme Court of Canada. Vancouver: University of British Colombia Press.Google Scholar

Pachón, Mónica, and Shugart, Matthew S. 2010. “Electoral Reform and the Mirror Image of Inter-party and Intra-party Competition: The Adoption of Party Lists in Colombia.” Electoral Studies 29(4): 648–660.Google Scholar

Pardow, Diego, and Verdugo, Sergio. 2015. “El Tribunal Constitucional chileno y la reforma de 2005. Un Enroque entre Jueces de Carrera y Académicos.” Revista de Derecho XXVIII(1): 123–144.Google Scholar

Pellegrina, Lucia, and Garoupa, Nuno. 2013. “Choosing between the Government and the Regions: An Empirical Analysis of the Italian Constitutional Court Decisions.” European Journal of Political Research 52(4): 431–480.Google Scholar

Peña, J. 2017. “Los 10 miembros del Tribunal Constitucional que podrían decidir el futuro del proyecto de aborto: Los senadores y diputados de Chile Vamos recurrirán a la instancia para impugnar una de las iniciativas clave del Gobierno, tras ser aprobada en el Senado y que hoy votará la Cámara.” July 22. www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2017/07/20/867549/Los-10-miembros-del-Tribunal-Constitucional-que-veran-el-proyecto-de-aborto-en-tres-causales.html (last accessed July 21, 2020).Google Scholar

Peress, Michael. 2009. “Small Chamber Ideal Point Estimation.” Political Analysis 17: 276–290.Google Scholar

Peterson, Steven A. 1981. “Dissent in American Courts.” Journal of Politics 43: 412–434.Google Scholar

Pfeffer, Emilio. 2005. Reformas Constitucionales 2005. Santiago, Chile: Editorial Jurídica.Google Scholar

Popova, Maria. 2010. “Be Careful What You Wish For: A Cautionary Tale of Post-Communist Judicial Empowerment.” Democratizatsiya 18: 56–73.Google Scholar

Posada-Carbó, Eduardo. 2013. “Colombia: Democratic Governance Amidst an Armed Conflict.” In Constructing Democratic Governance in Latin America, 4th ed., eds. Domínguez, Jorge I. and Shifter, Michael. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 233–254.Google Scholar

Prillaman, William. 2000. The Judiciary and Democratic Decay in Latin America: Declining Confidence in the Rule of Law. Westport, CT: Praeger.Google Scholar

Pritchett, C. Herman. 1948. The Roosevelt Court. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar

Ramos, Natalie A. 2019. “Explainer: Chile’s Constitutional Conundrum – To Change or Not to Change?” Reuters (November 6). www.reuters.com/article/us-chile-protests-explainer/explainer-chiles-constitutional-conundrum-to-change-or-not-to-change-idUSKBN1XG2WV (last accessed February 7, 2022).Google Scholar

Rampf, David, and Chavarro, Diana. 2014. “The 1991 Colombian National Constituent Assembly: Turning Exclusion into Inclusion, or a Vain Endeavour?” Inclusive Political Settlements, Paper 1. Berlin. Reprint.Google Scholar

Ramseyer, J. Mark, and Rasmusen, Eric. 2001. “Why Are Japanese Judges So Conservative in Politically Charged Cases?” American Political Science Review 95: 331–344.Google Scholar

Rettberg, Angelika. 2021. “From Old Battles to New Challenges in Colombia. In Divisive Politics and Democratic Dangers in Latin America, eds. Carothers, Thomas and Feldmann, Andreas. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 18–21.Google Scholar

Richards, Mark J., and Kritzer, Herbert M.. 2002. “Jurisprudential Regimes in Supreme Court Decision-making.” American Political Science Review 96(June): 305–320.Google Scholar

Ríos-Figueroa, Julio. 2011. “Institutions for Constitutional Justice in Latin America.” In Courts in Latin America, eds. Helmke, Gretchen and Ríos-Figueroa, Julio. New York: Cambridge University Press. 27–54.Google Scholar

Rodríguez-Raga, Juan Carols. 2011. “Strategic Deference in the Colombian Constitutional Court, 1992–2006.” In Courts in Latin America, eds. Helmke, Gretchen and Ríos-Figueroa, Julio. New York: Cambridge University Press. 81–98.Google Scholar

Rogers, James. 2001. “Information and Judicial Review: A Signaling Game of Legislative-Judicial Interaction.” American Journal of Political Science 45: 84–99.Google Scholar

Rosenn, Keith. 1992. “A Comparison of the Protection of Individual Rights in the New Constitutions of Colombia and Brazil.” University of Miami Inter-American Law Review 23: 23.Google Scholar

Rowland, C. K., and Carp, Robert A.. 1996. Politics and Judgment in Federal District Courts. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press.Google Scholar

Sadurski, Wojciech. 2008. Rights before Courts, a Study of Constitutional Courts in Postcommunist States of Central and Eastern Europe. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.Google Scholar

Sadurski, Wojciech. 2019. Poland’s Constitutional Breakdown. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Safford, Frank, and Palacios, Marco. 2002. Colombia: Fragmented Land, Divided Society. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Salinas, Daniel, and Fraser, Pablo. 2012. “Educational Opportunity and Contentious Politics: The 2011 Chilean Student Movement.” Berkeley Review of Education 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/B83110044.Google Scholar

Schanzenbach, Max M., and Tiller, Emerson H.. 2008. “Reviewing the Sentencing Guidelines: Judicial Politics, Empirical Evidence and Reform.” The University of Chicago Law Review 75: 715–760.Google Scholar

Scherer, Nancy. 2004. “Blacks on the Bench.” Political Science Quarterly 119(Winter): 665–675.Google Scholar

Schwartz, Alex, and Murchinson, Melanie. 2016. Judicial Impartiality and Independence in Divided Societies: An Empirical Analysis of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia-Herzegovina. Law and Society Review 50(4): 821–855.Google Scholar

Schwartz, Herman. 2000. The Struggle for Constitutional Justice in Post-Communist Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Scribner, Druscilla. 2011. “Courts, Power and Rights in Argentina and Chile.” In Courts in Latin America, eds. Helmke, Gretchen and Ríos-Figueroa, Julio. New York: Cambridge University Press. 248–277.Google Scholar

Segal, Jeffrey, and Spaeth, Harold. 2002. The Supreme Court and the Attitudinal Model Revisited. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.Google Scholar

Segal, Jeffrey, Westerland, Chad, and Lindquist, Stefanie. 2011. “Congress, the Supreme Court, and Judicial Review: Testing a Constitutional Separation of Powers Model.” American Journal of Political Science 55(1): 89–104.Google Scholar

Sehnbruch, Kirsten, and Siavelis, Peter M. 2014. “Political and Economic Life under the Rainbow.” In Democratic Chile: The Politics and Policies of a Historic Coalition, 1990–2010, eds. Sehnbruch, Kirsten and Siavelis, Peter M. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner. 1–14.Google Scholar

Selznick, Philip. 1994. The Moral Commonwealth. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Shapiro, Martin. 2004. “Judicial Review in Developed Democracies.” In Democratization and the Judiciary: The Accountability Function of Courts in New Democracies, eds. Gloppen, Siri, Gargarella, Roberto, and Skaar, Elin. London: Frank Cass. 7–26.Google Scholar

Shapiro, Martin, and Stone Sweet, Alec. 2002. On Law, Politics, and Judicialization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Sheppele, Kim. 2011. “Hungary’s Constitutional Revolution.” New York Times (December 19).Google Scholar

Shor, Miguel. 2009. “An Essay on the Emergence of Constitutional Courts: The Cases of Mexico and Colombia.” Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 16: 173–194.Google Scholar

Siavelis, Peter. 1997. “Continuity and Change in the Chilean Party System: On the Transformational Effects of Electoral Reform.” Comparative Political Studies 30(6): 651–674.Google Scholar

Siavelis, Peter. 1999. Continuidad y Transformación del Sistema de Partidos en una Transición ‘Modelo’.” In El Modelo Chileno: Democracia Y Desarrollo En Los Noventa, eds. Drake, Paul W. and Jaksić, Iván. Santiago, Chile: LOM Ediciones.Google Scholar

Siavelis, Peter. 2000. The President and Congress in Post-Authoritarian Chile: Institutional Constraints to Democratic Consolidation. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University.Google Scholar

Siavelis, Peter. 2002. “Exaggerated Presidentialism and Moderate Presidents: Executive-Legislative Relations in Chile.” In Legislative Politics in Latin America, eds. Morgenstern, Scott and Nacif, Benito. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 79–113.Google Scholar

Siavelis, Peter. 2013. “Chile: Beyond Transitional Models of Politics.” In Constructing Democratic Governance in Latin America, 4th ed., eds. Domínguez, Jorge I. and Shifter, Michael. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 204–232.Google Scholar

Siavelis, Peter. 2014. “From a Necessary to a Permanent Coalition.” In Democratic Chile: The Politics and Policies of a Historic Coalition, 1990–2010, eds. Sehnbruch, Kirsten and Siavelis, Peter. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner. 15–42.Google Scholar

Sierra, Lucas I. 2011. “La Supramayoría en la Potestad Legislativa Chilena como Anomolía Democrática.” In Frente a La Mayoría: Leyes Supramayoritarias Y Tribunal Constitucional En Chile, eds. Sierra, Lucas and Mac-Clure, Lucas. Santiago, Chile: Centro de Estudios Públicos (CEP), Corporación de Estudios para Latinoamérica (CIEPLAN), Libertad y Desarrollo, Proyectamérica. 13–170.Google Scholar

Sierra, Lucas I. 2012. “Quórum Legislativo de Supramayoría y Tribunal Constitucional en Chile.” In Violencia, Legitimidad y Orden Público, SELA. Buenos Aires: Libraria Ediciones. 281–296.Google Scholar

Silva, Enrique C. 2008. El Tribunal Constitucional de Chile (1971–1973), 2nd ed. 38: 159.Google Scholar

Skidmore, Thomas E., and Smith, Peter H. 2001. Modern Latin America, 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Smith, Peter H. 2012. Democracy in Latin America: Political Change in Comparative Perspective, 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Smith, Rogers M. 1988. “Political Jurisprudence, The ‘New Institutionalism’ and the Future of Public Law.” American Political Science Review 82(March): 89–108.Google Scholar

Solum, Lawrence. 2005. “Judicial Selection: Ideology versus Character.” Cardozo Law Review 26: 659–689.Google Scholar

Songer, Donald, and Siripurapu, Julia. 2009. “The Unanimous Decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada as a Test of the Attitudinal Model.” Canadian Journal of Political Science 42: 65–92.Google Scholar

Songer, Donald, Kuersten, Ashlyn, and Kaheny, Erin. 2000. “Why the Haves Don’t Always Come Out Ahead: Repeat Players Meet Amici Curiae for the Disadvantaged.” Political Research Quarterly 53(3) 537–556.Google Scholar

Spiller, Pablo and Gely, Rafael. 1992. “Congressional Control of Judicial Independence: The Determinants of U.S. Supreme Court Labor Relations Decisions.” Rand Journal of Economics 23(4): 463–492.Google Scholar

Spitzer, Matthew, and Talley, Eric. 2011. “Left, Right, and Center: Strategic Information Acquisition and Diversity in Judicial Panels.” The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 29: 638–680.Google Scholar

Staton, Jeffrey K. 2004. “Judicial Policy Implementation in Mexico City and Mérida.” Comparative Politics 37(October): 41–60.Google Scholar

Staton, Jeffrey K. 2010. Judicial Power and Strategic Communication in Mexico. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Stone Sweet, Alec. 1992. The Birth and Development of Judicial Politics in France. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Stone Sweet, Alec. 2000. Governing with Judges: Constitutional Politics in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Stone Sweet, Alec. 2002. “Constitutional Courts and Parliamentary Democracy.” West European Politics 25(2): 77–100.Google Scholar

Stone Sweet, Alec. 2012. “Constitutional Courts.” In Oxford Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Law, ed. Rosenfeld, Michel and Sajó, András. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Stotzky, Irwin. 2004. “Lessons Learned and the Way Forward.” In Democratization and the Judiciary, eds. Gloppen, Siri, Gargarella, Roberto, and Skaar, Elin. London: Frank Cass. 144–146.Google Scholar

Tiede, Lydia. 2006. “Judicial Independence: Often Cited, Rarely Understood.” Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues 15: 129–161.Google Scholar

Tiede, Lydia. 2012. “Chile’s Criminal Law Reform: Enhancing Defendants’ Rights and Citizen Security. Latin American Politics and Society 54(3): 65–93.Google Scholar

Tiede, Lydia. 2016. “The Political Determinants of Judicial Dissent: Evidence from the Chilean Constitutional Tribunal.” European Political Science Review 8: 377–403.Google Scholar

Tiede, Lydia. 2020. “Mixed Judicial Selection and Constitutional Review.” Comparative Political Studies 53(7): 1092–1123.Google Scholar

Tiede, Lydia, and Ponce, Aldo. 2014. “Evaluating Theories of Decision-Making on the Peruvian Constitutional Tribunal.” Journal of Politics in Latin America 6(2): 134–164.Google Scholar

Tiede, Lydia, Carp, Robert, and Manning, Kenneth. 2010. “Judicial Attributes and Sentencing Deviation Cases: Do Sex, Race, and Politics Matter?” Justice System Journal 31(3): 249–272.Google Scholar

Tsebelis, George. 2002. Veto Players: How Institutions Work. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Turkewitz, Julie, and Villamil, Sofía. 2021. “Children Trapped by Colombia’s War, Five Years after Peace Deal.” New York Times (March 27, 2021). www.nytimes.com/2021/03/27/world/americas/colombia-children-war-FARC.html.Google Scholar

Ulmer, Sydney. 1973. “Social Background as an Indicator to the Votes of Supreme Court Criminal Cases: 1947–56 Terms.” American Journal of Political Science 17(3): 622–630.Google Scholar

Unah, Isaac, and Hancock, Ange-Marie. 2006. “U.S. Supreme Court Decision-making, Case Salience, and the Attitudinal Model.” Law and Policy 28: 295–320.Google Scholar

Valenzuela, Arturo. 1994. “Party Politics and the Crisis of Presidentialism in Chile: A Proposal for a Parliamentary Form of Government.” In The Failure of Presidential Democracy: The Case of Latin America, eds. Linz, Juan J. and Valenzuela, Arturo. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 91–150.Google Scholar

Valenzuela, Eugenia Somarriva. 2006. “Criterios De Hermenéutica Constitucional Aplicados Por El Tribunal Constitucional: Contribución Del Tribunal Constitucional a La Institucionalización Democrática.” Cuadernos del Tribunal Constitucional 31: 11–125.Google Scholar

Vanberg, Georg. 2005. The Politics of Constitutional Review in Germany. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Vanberg, Georg. 2015. “Constitutional Courts in Comparative Perspective: A Theoretical Assessment.” Annual Review of Political Science 18: 167–185.Google Scholar

Vanden, Harry, and Prevost, Gary. 2015. The Politics of Latin America: The Power Game, 5th ed. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Varas, Augusto. 2014. El Gobierno De Piñera (2010–2014). Santiago, Chile: Catalonia.Google Scholar

Varol, Ozan O., Pellegrina, Lucia, and Garoupa, Nuno. 2017. “An Empirical Analysis of Judicial Transformation in Turkey.” The American Journal of Comparative Law 65(1): 187–216.Google Scholar

Venice Commission (European Commission for Democracy through Law). 2007. “Vademecum on Constitutional Justice.” CDL-STD(1997)020. Strasbourg, France: Venice Commission.Google Scholar

Venice Commission (European Commission for Democracy through Law). 2015. “Compilation of Venice Commission Opinions, Reports and Studies on Constitutional Justice.” Vol. CDL-PI(2015)002. Strasbourg, France: Venice Commission.Google Scholar

Verdugo, Sergio. 2017. “Birth and Decay of the Chilean Constitutional Tribunal (1970–1973).” International Journal of Constitutional Law 15(2): 469–494.Google Scholar

Verdugo, Sergio, and Contesse, Jorge. 2018. “The Rise and Fall of a Constitutional Moment Lessons from the Chilean Experiment and the Failure of Bachelet’s Project.” Int’l J. Const. L. Blog, March 13, 2018.Google Scholar

Vial Correa, Gonzalo. 2006. Tribunal Constitucional de Chile: Historia y Trayectoria 1971–2006. Santiago, Chile: La Fundación CAP auspició la publicación de esta obra.Google Scholar

Villarraga Sarmiento, Álvaro. 2009. Biblioteca de la Paz- 1990–1994: Acuerdos con el EPL, PRT, MAQL y CRS- Diálogos con la CGSB. Tomo III. Bogotá: Gente Nueva Editorial.Google Scholar

Vitale, David. 2014. “The Value of Dissent in Constitutional Adjudication: A Context-Specific Analysis.” Review of Constitutional Studies 19: 83–108.Google Scholar

Voeten, Erik. 2007. “The Politics of International Judicial Appointments: Evidence from the European Court of Human Rights.” International Organization 61(4): 699–701.Google Scholar

Voeten, Erik. 2008. “The Impartiality of International Judges: Evidence from the European Court of Human Rights.” American Political Science Review 102(4): 417–433.Google Scholar

Voigt, Stefan, Gutmann, Jerg, and Feld, Lars P.. 2015. “Economic Growth and Judicial Independence, a Dozen Years On: Cross-Country Evidence Using an Updated Set of Indicators.” European Journal of Political Economy 38: 197–211.Google Scholar

Von Doepp, Peter. 2006. “Politics and Judicial Assertiveness in Emerging Democracies: High Court Behavior in Malawi and Zambia.” Political Research Quarterly 59: 389–399.Google Scholar

Weeks, Gregory. 2014. “The Military and Twenty Years of the Concertación.” In Democratic Chile: The Politics and Policies of a Historic Coalition, 1990–2010, eds. Sehnbruch, Kirsten and Siavelis, Peter. Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner. 103–118.Google Scholar

Weingast, Barry. 1997. “The Political Foundations of Democracy and the Rule of Law.” American Political Science Review 91: 245–263.Google Scholar

Weinshall, Keren, Sommer, Udi, and Ritov, Ya’acov. 2018. “Ideological Influences on Governance and Regulation: The Comparative Case of Supreme Courts.” Regulation and Governance 12: 334–352.Google Scholar

Whittington, Keith E. 2000. “Once More unto the Breach: Post behavioralist Approaches to Judicial Politics.” Law and Social Inquiry 25(2): 601–634.Google Scholar

Whittington, Keith E. 2005. “‘Interpose Your Friendly Hand’: Political Supports for the Exercise of Judicial Review by the United States Supreme Court.” American Political Science Review 99(4): 583–596.Google Scholar

Whittington, Keith E. 2014. “The Least Activist Supreme Court in History? The Roberts Court and the Exercise of Judicial Review.” Notre Dame Law Review 89(5): 2219–2252.Google Scholar

Wilson, Bruce M. 2009. “Rights Revolutions in Unlikely Places: Costa Rica and Colombia.” Journal of Politics in Latin America 1(2): 59–85.Google Scholar

Wohlfarth, Patrick C. 2009. The Tenth Justice? Consequences of Politicization in the Solicitor General’s Office. Journal of Politics 70: 224–237.Google Scholar