The interpretation of Israel as the Jerusalemite elites deported to Babylonia and Judah as those left behind in Judah after 597 BCE solves a number of long-standing cruces interpretum. This chapter demonstrates this through a sampling of texts from Jeremiah and Ezekiel, with special attention to passages in which both Israel and Judah appear. These texts identify a number of prominent concerns arising from Israel’s deportation, including disputes over land and competing claims to divine favour. Moreover, the relationship between the two groups is articulated differently in different texts, and this offers a number of useful insights into changes in this relationship over time, as well as contrasting perceptions of the relationship in the two communities.