Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Foreword
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Fundamentals of polymers
- 3 Nanofiber technology
- 4 Modeling and simulation
- 5 Mechanical properties of fibers and fiber assemblies
- 6 Characterization of nanofibers
- 7 Bioactive nanofibers
- 8 Electroactive nanofibers
- 9 Nanocomposite fibers
- 10 Future opportunities and challenges of electrospinning
- Appendix I Terms and unit conversion
- Appendix II Abbreviation of polymers
- Appendix III Classification of fibers
- Appendix IV Polymers and solvents for electrospinning
- Index
- References
6 - Characterization of nanofibers
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 July 2014
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Foreword
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Fundamentals of polymers
- 3 Nanofiber technology
- 4 Modeling and simulation
- 5 Mechanical properties of fibers and fiber assemblies
- 6 Characterization of nanofibers
- 7 Bioactive nanofibers
- 8 Electroactive nanofibers
- 9 Nanocomposite fibers
- 10 Future opportunities and challenges of electrospinning
- Appendix I Terms and unit conversion
- Appendix II Abbreviation of polymers
- Appendix III Classification of fibers
- Appendix IV Polymers and solvents for electrospinning
- Index
- References
Summary
Knowing the basic properties of nanofibers (such as morphology, molecular structure and mechanical properties) is crucial for the scientific understanding of nanofibers and for the effective design and use of nanofibrous materials. In order to evaluate and develop the manufacturing process, the composition, structure and physical properties must be characterized to decide whether the produced fibers are suitable for their particular application. Evaluation of the various production parameters in processes such as electrospinning is a critical step towards production of nanofibers commercially. Many common techniques used to characterize conventional engineering materials, as well as some not so common techniques, have been employed in the characterization of nanofibers. Table 6.1 shows the scales of fibers and the corresponding characterization techniques. To provide an overall understanding, some of the general characterization techniques for structural, chemical, mechanical, thermal and other properties will be introduced in this chapter.
Structural characterization of nanofibers
The morphological characterization techniques briefly discussed herein are: optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). These methods characterize the morphology and determine fiber diameter, pore size and porosity, all of which are necessary to evaluate the various production parameters. The techniques for characterization of order/disorder of molecular structures using X-ray diffraction (XRD) are also covered in this section. Furthermore, mercury porosimetry, a special technique for porosity measurement, is introduced.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Introduction to Nanofiber Materials , pp. 101 - 145Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2014
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