The vast majority of people diagnosed with a life-threatening illness want to survive that illness. (A few will take the position that they’ve had a good long life and that treatment to prolong that life further isn’t necessary or desirable.) People in the striving for survival group – that vast majority – naturally want to make ‘good’ (i.e., rational) decisions about treatment to maximize their chances. Some patients will, early on in the process, consider the balance between surviving (increasing quantity of remaining life) and thriving (maintaining quality of life). The problem is that, as several of the preceding chapters have demonstrated, physicians and patients struggle mightily to have timely and honest conversations about the prognosis, the harms and potential benefits of treatment options, and the burdens of life-prolonging technology when the patient reaches the terminal stage of an illness.