Agrawal, A., Kapur, D., and McHale, J. (2008), “How do spatial and social proximity influence knowledge flows? Evidence from patent data,” Journal of Urban Economics, 64(2): 258–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Agrawal, A., Kapur, D., McHale, J., and Oettl, A. (2011), “Brain drain or brain bank? The impact of skilled emigration on poor-country innovation,” Journal of Urban Economics, 69(1): 43–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Almeida, P., Phene, A., and Li, S. (2014), “The influence of ethnic community knowledge on Indian inventor innovativeness,” Organization Science, 26(1): 198–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Alnuaimi, T., Opsahl, T., and George, G. (2012), “Innovating in the periphery: the impact of local and foreign inventor mobility on the value of Indian patents,” Research Policy, 41(9): 1534–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Arundel, A. (2001), “The relative effectiveness of patents and secrecy for appropriation,” Research Policy, 30(4): 611–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Auriol, L. (2007), “Labour market characteristics and international mobility of doctorate holders: results for seven countries,” OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Paper No. 2007/2, OECD Publishing, available at http://ideas.repec.org/p/oec/stiaaa/2007–2-en.html (accessed September 9, 2013).Google Scholar

Auriol, L. (2010), “Careers of doctorate holders,” OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Paper, OECD Publishing, available at /content/workingpaper/5kmh8phxvvf5-en.Google Scholar

Bellini, E., Ottaviano, G. I. P., Pinelli, D., and Prarolo, G. (2013), “Cultural diversity and economic performance: evidence from European regions,” in Crescenzi, R. and Percoco, M. (eds.), Geography, Institutions and Regional Economic Performance, Berlin, Springer, pp. 121–41.Google Scholar

Bornmann, L., and Daniel, H. (2007), “What do we know about the h index?,” Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 58(9): 1381–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Breschi, S., and Lissoni, F. (2009), “Mobility of skilled workers and co-invention networks: an anatomy of localized knowledge flows,” Journal of Economic Geography, 9(4): 439–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Breschi, S., Lissoni, F., and Tarasconi, G. (2014), “Inventor data for research on migration and innovation: a survey and a pilot,” WIPO Economics & Statistics Series, Economic Research Working Paper No. 17, Geneva.Google Scholar

Chellaraj, G., Maskus, K. E., and Mattoo, A. (2008), “The contribution of international graduate students to US innovation,” Review of International Economics, 16(3): 444–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cheshire, J., Mateos, P., and Longley, P. A. (2011), “Delineating Europe’s cultural regions: population structure and surname clustering, Human Biology, 83(5): 573–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Cohen, W. M., Nelson, R. R., and Walsh, J. P. (2000), Protecting Their Intellectual Assets: Appropriability Conditions and Why US Manufacturing Firms Patent (or Not), National Bureau of Economic Research.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

De Haas, H. (2010), “Migration and Development: A Theoretical Perspective,” International Migration Review, Vol. 44 No. 1, pp. 227–264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Docquier, F., Lowell, B.L. and Marfouk, A. (2009), “A Gendered Assessment of Highly Skilled Emigration,” Population and Development Review, Vol. 35 No. 2, pp. 297–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Docquier, F., and Marfouk, A. (2006), “International Migration by Education Attainment (1990–2000),” in Özden, Ç. and Schiff, M. (eds.), International Migration, Remittances and the Brain Drain, London, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 151–99.Google Scholar

Docquier, F., and Rapoport, H. (2012), “Globalization, brain drain, and development,” Journal of Economic Literature, 50(3): 681–730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Du Plessis, M., Van Looy, B., Song, X., and Magerman, T. (2009), “Data production methods for harmonized patent indicators: assignee sector allocation,” EUROSTAT Working Paper and Studies, Luxembourg.Google Scholar

Foley, C. F., and Kerr, W. R. (2013), “Ethnic innovation and U.S. multinational firm activity,” Management Science, 59(7): 1529–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Franzoni, C., Scellato, G., and Stephan, P. (2012), “Foreign-born scientists: mobility patterns for 16 countries,” Nature Biotechnology, 30(12): 1250–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Freeman, R. B. (2010), “Globalization of scientific and engineering talent: international mobility of students, workers, and ideas and the world economy,” Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 19(5): 393–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hall, B. H., Jaffe, A., and Trajtenberg, M. (2005), “Market value and patent citations,” RAND Journal of Economics, 36(1): 16–38.Google Scholar

Hall, B. H., Jaffe, A. B., and Trajtenberg, M. (2001), The NBER Patent Citation Data File: Lessons, Insights and Methodological Tools, Cambridge, MA, National Bureau of Economic Research.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hirsch, J. E. (2005), “An index to quantify an individual’s scientific research output,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(46): 16569–72.Google ScholarPubMed

Hornung, E. (2014), “Immigration and the diffusion of technology: the Huguenot diaspora in Prussia,” American Economic Review, 104(1): 84–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hunt, J. (2011), “Which immigrants are most innovative and entrepreneurial? Distinctions by entry visa,” Journal of Labor Economics, 29(3): 417–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hunt, J., and Gauthier-Loiselle, M. (2010), “How much does immigration boost innovation?,” American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 2(2): 31–56.Google Scholar

Kenney, M., Breznitz, D., and Murphree, M. (2013), “Coming back home after the sun rises: returnee entrepreneurs and growth of high tech industries,” Research Policy, 42(2): 391–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kerr, W. R. (2008), “Ethnic scientific communities and international technology diffusion,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 90(3): 518–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kerr, W. R. (2010), “Breakthrough inventions and migrating clusters of innovation,” Journal of Urban Economics, 67(1): 46–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lasker, G. W. (1977), “A coefficient of relationship by isonymy: a method for estimating the genetic relationship between populations,” Human Biology, 49(3): 489–93.Google ScholarPubMed

Levin, R. C., Klevorick, A. K., Nelson, R. R., Winter, S. G., Gilbert, R., et al. (1987), “Appropriating the returns from industrial research and development,” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1987(3): 783–831.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Li, G.-C., Lai, R., D’Amour, A., Doolin, D. M., Sun, Y., et al. (2014), “Disambiguation and co-authorship networks of the U.S. patent inventor database (1975–2010),” Research Policy, 43(6): 941–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lissoni, F. (2012), “Academic patenting in Europe: an overview of recent research and new perspectives,” World Patent Information, 34(3): 197–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lissoni, F., and Montobbio, F. (2015), “The ownership of academic patents and their impact,” Revue économique, 66(1): 143–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Luu, L. (2005), Immigrants and the Industries of London, 1500–1700, Vol. 55, Ashgate, Aldershot.Google Scholar

Marx, M., Strumsky, D., and Fleming, L. (2009), “Mobility, skills, and the Michigan non-compete experiment,” Management Science, 55(6): 875–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mateos, P., Longley, P. A., and O’Sullivan, D. (2011), “Ethnicity and population structure in personal naming networks,” PLOS One, 6(9): e22943.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Meyer, J.-B. (2001), “Network approach versus brain drain: lessons from the diaspora,” International Migration, 39(5): 91–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Miguelez, E. (2016), “Inventor diasporas and the internationalization of technology,” World Bank Economic Review, (in press), pp. 1–28. doi:10.1093/wber/lhw013CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Miguelez, E., and Fink, C. (2013), “Measuring the international mobility of inventors: a new database,” WIPO Economic Research Working Paper No. 8, World Intellectual Property Organization, Economics and Statistics Division, available at http://ideas.repec.org/p/wip/wpaper/8.html (accessed September 2, 2013).Google Scholar

MORE. (2014), “Mobility patterns and career paths of researchers: final report,” European Commission (DG Research), available at www.more-2.eu/.Google Scholar

Moser, P., Voena, A., and Waldinger, F. (2014), “German Jewish emigrés and US invention,” American Economic Review, 104(10): 3222–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Niebuhr, A. (2010), “Migration and innovation: does cultural diversity matter for regional R&D activity?,” Papers in Regional Science, 89(3): 563–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

No, Y., and Walsh, J. P. (2010), “The importance of foreign-born talent for US innovation,” Nature Biotechnology, 28(3): 289–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ottaviano, G. I. P., and Peri, G. (2006), “The economic value of cultural diversity: evidence from US cities,” Journal of Economic Geography, 6(1): 9–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ozgen, C., Nijkamp, P., and Poot, J. (2011), “Immigration and innovation in European regions,” No. 5676, Discussion paper series, available at www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/51721 (accessed September 2, 2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pezzoni, M., Lissoni, F., and Tarasconi, G. (2014), “How to kill inventors: testing the Massacrator algorithm for inventor disambiguation,” Scientometrics, 101(1): 477–504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Piazza, A., Rendine, S., Zei, G., Moroni, A., and Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. (1986), “Migration rates of human populations from surname distributions,” Nature, 329(6141): 714–16.Google Scholar

Raffo, J., and Lhuillery, S. (2009), “How to play the ‘names game’: patent retrieval comparing different heuristics,” Research Policy, 38(10), 1617–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Razum, O., Zeeb, H., and Akgün, S. (2001), “How useful is a name‐based algorithm in health research among Turkish migrants in Germany?,” Tropical Medicine & International Health, 6(8): 654–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Scellato, G., Franzoni, C., and Stephan, P. (2012), “Mobile scientists and international networks,” Working Paper No. 18613, Cambridge, MA, National Bureau of Economic Research, available at www.nber.org/papers/w18613 (accessed September 11, 2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Singh, J., and Marx, M. (2013), “Geographic constraints on knowledge spillovers: political borders vs. spatial proximity,” Management Science, 59(9): 2056–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stephan, P., and Levin, S. (2001), “Exceptional contributions to US science by the foreign-born and foreign-educated,” Population Research and Policy Review, 20(1–2): 59–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stuen, E. T., Mobarak, A. M., and Maskus, K. E. (2012), “Skilled immigration and innovation: evidence from enrolment fluctuations in US doctoral programmes,” Economic Journal, 122(565): 1143–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Thoma, G., Torrisi, S., Gambardella, A., Guellec, D., Hall, B. H., et al. (2010), “Harmonizing and combining large data sets: an application to firm-level patent and accounting data,” Working Paper No. 15851, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, available at www.nber.org/papers/w15851 (accessed September 19, 2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ventura, S. L., Nugent, R., and Fuchs, E. R. H. (2015), “Seeing the non-stars: (some) sources of bias in past disambiguation approaches and a new public tool leveraging labeled records,” Research Policy, 44(9): 1672–1701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wadhwa, V., Jasso, G., Rissing, B. A., Gereffi, G., and Freeman, R. B. (2007a), “Intellectual property, the immigration backlog, and a reverse brain-drain: America’s new immigrant entrepreneurs,” Part III, SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 1008366, Social Science Research Network, Rochester, NY, available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=1008366 (accessed September 10, 2013).Google Scholar

Wadhwa, V., Rissing, B. A., Saxenian, A., and Gereffi, G. (2007b), “Education, entrepreneurship and immigration: America’s new immigrant entrepreneurs,” Part II, SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 991327, Social Science Research Network, Rochester, NY, available at http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=991327 (accessed September 10, 2013).Google Scholar

Wadhwa, V., Saxenian, A., Rissing, B. A., and Gereffi, G. (2007c), “America’s new immigrant entrepreneurs,” Part I, SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 990152, Social Science Research Network, Rochester, NY, available at http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=990152 (accessed September 12, 2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Widmaier, S., and Dumont, J.-C. (2011), “Are recent immigrants different? A new profile of Immigrants in the OECD based on DIOC 2005/06,” OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, OECD, Paris, available at www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/workingpaper/5kg3ml17nps4-en (accessed September 9, 2013).Google Scholar

Zheng, Y., and Ejermo, O. (2015), “How do the foreign-born perform in inventive activity? Evidence from Sweden,” Journal of Population Economics, 28(3): 659–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar