This chapter examines the principle of equality and the right to nondiscrimination in international human rights law. It covers the normative foundations, legal classification of discriminatory treatment, and the international legal regime of the right to nondiscrimination. The chapter explores how international human rights instruments define and address discrimination, the grounds for discrimination, and the obligations of states to eliminate discriminatory practices. It also discusses the mechanisms for monitoring and enforcing nondiscrimination, including the role of international bodies and national institutions. The chapter highlights the challenges in achieving substantive equality and the importance of adopting comprehensive measures to address both direct and indirect discrimination.