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5 - Research on Intelligence in German-Speaking Countries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

By
Shu-Chen Li  and
Ute Kunzmann
Edited by
Robert J. Sternberg
Shu-Chen Li
Affiliation:
Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin
Ute Kunzmann
Affiliation:
Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin
Robert J. Sternberg
Affiliation:
Yale University, Connecticut
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Summary

RESEARCH ON INTELLIGENCE IN GERMAN-SPEAKING COUNTRIES

Philosophical and scientific traditions of a given region shape a researcher's conception of intelligence and the methods he or she employs to study mental abilities. In this chapter, we highlight an arguably unique aspect of intelligence research in German-speaking countries, namely, the emphasis on investigations of intellectual abilities from a contextual and/or lifespan perspective. In this research tradition, intellectual development has been considered as a dynamic lifelong process that involves a continual interplay between individuals' biological and sociocultural inheritances. Considering intellectual abilities from such a perspective goes hand in hand with a research focus on the processes and functions of intelligent behavior rather than with a focus on measuring and predicting the product of intelligence per se.

This chapter is divided into four sections. First, we review the historical tradition of lifespan developmental conceptions developed in German-speaking countries since the 18th century. Second, we introduce a modern dual-process model of lifespan intellectual development that emphasizes two distinct but interactive aspects of intelligence (i.e., the mechanics and pragmatics of the mind). Although many researchers in this region do not explicitly focus on developmental aspects, in our view, components and processes of intelligence studied can be related to the dual-process model. Hence, we use this model as an organizational framework to help structure the review of contemporary research on intelligence in the third part of the chapter.

Type
Chapter
Information
International Handbook of Intelligence , pp. 135 - 169
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2004

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