Shallow Water Muddy Sands of the North-West Atlantic Ocean

doi:10.1017/9781108235792.007

Chapter 6 - Shallow Water Muddy Sands of the North-West Atlantic Ocean

Latitudinal Patterns in Interactions and Processes

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 September 2019

Sarah A. Woodin ,

Susan S. Bell ,

Jon Grant ,

Paul V. R. Snelgrove and

Edited by

Louise B. Firth and

Stephen J. Hawkins: Affiliation:
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth
Katrin Bohn: Affiliation:
Natural England
Louise B. Firth: Affiliation:
University of Plymouth
Gray A. Williams: Affiliation:
The University of Hong Kong

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Summary

We summarise processes determining large-scale patterns of distribution and abundance of macroinfauna from Florida to Newfoundland, ~25°N to 52°N, focussing on intertidal and shallow subtidal (~ 5 m depth) muddy sands and sandy muds, habitats with abundant experimental data. Within the theme of geographic distribution of processes, mechanisms and patterns we suggest latitudinal patterns will likely change most as climate changes intensify. Published studies support the following major biogeographic patterns: (1) reduced importance of large disturbance predators north of Cape Cod, driven by latitudinal shifts in thermal regimes; (2) large digging predators from Delaware Bay (39.25°N) southwards dramatically reduce infaunal densities, restricting competitive interactions; (3) disturbance refugia, e.g., Zostera, drive southern spatial patterns; (4) rising seawater temperatures and reduced water clarity limit the extent and diversity of rooted plants in the south and mid-Atlantic; (5) latitudinal changes in tidal regimes result in greater aerial exposure in the north, magnifying latitudinal sea surface temperature changes; (6) ice cover intensifies to the north and (7) the Boston−Washington, DC megalopolis accentuates human signatures through eutrophication between 36.5°N and 42.6°N. Finally, we discuss potential shifts with climate change in these latitudinal patterns and processes.

Keywords

muddy sands disturbance latitudinal patterns biogeography refugia climate change infauna predation

Type: Chapter
Information: Interactions in the Marine Benthos
Global Patterns and Processes
, pp. 128 - 163

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108235792.007 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2019

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Chapter 6 - Shallow Water Muddy Sands of the North-West Atlantic Ocean

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