Intra-abdominal Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

3.5.5 - Intra-abdominal Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

from Section 3.5 - Acute Gastrointestinal Failure

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 July 2023

Katie Wimble and

Edited by

Debashish Dutta and

Ned Gilbert-Kawai: Affiliation:
The Royal Liverpool Hospital
Debashish Dutta: Affiliation:
Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow
Carl Waldmann: Affiliation:
Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading

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Summary

Key Learning Points

1. Although intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) form part of a scale in clinical practice, they are different entities as the former may be chronic, but the latter involves acute organ failure.
2. The prevalence of ACS in the intensive care unit has been reported as 8.2 per cent, with a higher prevalence in medical patients (10.5 per cent), compared to the surgical cohort (5 per cent).
3. Palpation of the abdomen is highly unreliable as a method of detection.
4. A standardised measurement protocol is important to avoid significant inter-individual variability.
5. Management of these syndromes should be protocol-based and multi-modal.

Keywords

intra-abdominal hypertension abdominal compartment syndrome pressure SACS

Type: Chapter
Information: Intensive Care Medicine
The Essential Guide
, pp. 216 - 217

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108989060 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2021

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References

References and Further Reading

Berry, N, Fletcher, S. Abdominal compartment syndrome. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain 2012;12:110–17.CrossRef Google Scholar

Hunt, L, Frost, SA, Hillman, K, Newton, PJ, Davidson, PM. Management of intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome: a review. J Trauma Manag Outcomes 2014;8:2.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Kirkpatrick, AW, Roberts, DJ, De, Waele J, et al. Intra-abdominal hypertension and the abdominal compartment syndrome: updated consensus definitions and clinical practice guidelines from the World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. Intensive Care Med 2013;39:1190–206.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Santa-Teresa, P, Muñoz, J, Montero, I, et al. Incidence and prognosis of intra-abdominal hypertension in critically ill medical patients: a prospective epidemiological study. Ann Intensive Care 2012;2:S3.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed