Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T02:44:33.615Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter Three - “One Small Characteristic”

Conceptualizing Harm to Animals and Legal Personhood

from Part I - Injury and the Construction of Legal Subjects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 February 2018

Anne Bloom
Affiliation:
University of California, Berkeley
David M. Engel
Affiliation:
State University of New York, Buffalo
Michael McCann
Affiliation:
University of Washington
Get access

Summary

The liberal model of the rights-bearing subject, an autonomous, rational being able to make claims on its own behalf, has been a barrier to legal mobilization for some marginalized subjects. Among these liminal subjects, non-human animals have been recognized as property under the law, a status that has limited the capacity of legal activism on their behalf. This chapter explores the novel deployment of the law on behalf of two subjects, Tommy the chimpanzee and Johnny Justice, a pitbull once used in fighting. The arguments used by legal activists focus on the injustice of the suffering endured by the animals rather than focusing on their capacities—or lack thereof—as autonomous subjects. Doing so enables a set of claims about a moral and legal obligation to minimize and compensate for their injuries. However, while the focus on vulnerability does not require the animals to first establish that they are rights-bearing subjects deserving of legal representation, the universalizing gesture of “shared corporeality” obfuscates the ways that new hierarchies are generated in representing some subjects as in need of legal protection. In short, the question becomes: who gets help and who is admitted to privilege?
Type
Chapter
Information
Injury and Injustice
The Cultural Politics of Harm and Redress
, pp. 76 - 95
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Belivaqua, C. B. (2013). “Chimpanzees in Court: What Difference Does it Make?” Pp. 7187 in Law and the Question of the Animal: A Critical Jurisprudence, edited by Otomo, Y. and Mussawir, E.. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bentham, J. (1879). An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Brown, K. (2011). “‘Vulnerability’: Handle with Care.” Ethics and Social Welfare 5(3):313–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, K. (2012). “Re-moralising ‘Vulnerability.’People, Place and Policy 6(1):4153.Google Scholar
Bryant, T. L. (2007). “Sacrificing the Sacrifice of Animals: Legal Personhood for Animals, the Status of Animals as Property, and the Presumed Primacy of Humans.” Rutgers Law Journal 39:247330.Google Scholar
Butler, J. (1997a). Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Butler, J. (1997b). The Psychic Life of Power: Theories in Subjection. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Butler, J. (2003). “Violence, Mourning, Politics.” Studies in Gender and Sexuality 4(1):937.Google Scholar
Butler, J. (2004). Undoing Gender. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Calarco, M. (2004). “Deconstruction is Not Vegetarianism: Humanism, Subjectivity, and Animal Ethics.” Continental Philosophy Review 37(2):175201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dayan, C. (2011). The Law is a White Dog: How Legal Rituals Make and Unmake Persons. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Deckha, M. (2007). “Animal Justice, Cultural Justice: A Posthumanist Response to Cultural Rights in Animals.” Journal of Animal Law and Ethics 2:189230.Google Scholar
Deckha, M. (2008). “Disturbing Images: PETA and the Feminist Ethics of Animal Advocacy.” Ethics and the Environment 13(2):3576.Google Scholar
Deckha, M. (2012). “Toward a Postcolonial, Posthumanist Feminist Theory: Centralizing Race and Culture in Feminist Work on Nonhuman Animals.” Hypatia 27(3):527–45.Google Scholar
Deckha, M. (2015). “Vulnerability, Equality, and Animals.” Canadian Journal of Women and the Law 27(1):4770.Google Scholar
Denbow, J. M. (2015). Governed Through Choice: Autonomy, Technology, and the Politics of Reproduction. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Elder, G., Wolch, J., and Emel, J.. (1998). “Race, Place, and the Bounds of Humanity.” Society and Animals 6:183202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feder, E. K. (2007). “The Dangerous Individual('s) Mother: Biopower, Family, and the Production of Race.” Hypatia 22(2):6078.Google Scholar
Fineman, M. A. (2008). “The Vulnerable Subject: Anchoring Equality in the Human Condition.” Yale Journal of Law and Feminism 20(1):840.Google Scholar
Fineman, M. A. (2010). “The Vulnerable Subject and the Responsive State.” Emory Law Journal 60(2):251–76.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. (1997). The History of Sexuality, vol. 1. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
Gill, E. (2001). Becoming Free: Autonomy and Diversity in the Liberal Polity. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press.Google Scholar
Gunnarsson, L. (2008). “The Great Apes and the Severely Disabled: Moral Status and Thick Evaluative Concepts.” Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 11(3):305–26.Google Scholar
Herzog, H. (2010). Some We Love, Some We Hate, Some We Eat. New York: Harper.Google Scholar
Hunt, A. (2011). “Rightlessness: The Perplexities of Human Rights.” CR: The New Centennial Review 11(2):115–42.Google Scholar
Huss, R. J. (2008). “Lessons Learned: Acting as a Guardian/special Master in the Bad Newz Kennels Case.” Animal Law 15:6985.Google Scholar
Keller, J. (1997). “Autonomy, Relationality, and Feminist Ethics.” Hypatia 12(2):152–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, M. (2013). “Judge Rejects Habeas Petition for Tommy the Captive Chimpanzee.” Courthouse News Service, January 23. www.courthousenews.com/2013/12/23/63980.htm.Google Scholar
Kerr, J. S., Bernstein, M., Schwoerke, A., Strugar, M. D., and Goodman, J. S.. (2013). “A Slave by Any Other Name is Still a Slave: The Tilikum Case and Application of the Thirteenth Amendment to Nonhuman Animals.” Animal Law 19:221497.Google Scholar
Mackenzie, C. and Stoljar, N.. (2000). Relational Autonomy: Feminist Perspectives on Autonomy, Agency, and the Social Self. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mills, C. (2000). “Efficacy and Vulnerability: Judith Butler on Reiteration and Resistance.” Australian Feminist Studies 15(32):265–79.Google Scholar
Mussawir, E. and Otomo, Y.. (2013). “Law's Animal” in Law and the Question of the Animal: A Critical Jurisprudence, edited by Otomo, Y. and Mussawir, E.. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Nagy, K. and Johnson, P. D.. (2013). Trash Animals: How We Live with Nature's Filthy, Feral, Invasive, and Unwanted Species. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nonhuman Rights Project (NhRP). (2013). “Memorandum of Law in Tommy Case.” www.nonhumanrightsproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Memorandum-of-Law-Tommy-Case.pdf.Google Scholar
Oliver, K. (2009). Animal Lessons: How They Teach Us to Be Human. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Rasmussen, C. (2011). The Autonomous Animal: Self-Governance and the Modern Subject. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rasmussen, C. (2015). “Domesticating Bodies: Race, Species, Sex, and Citizenship,” in Political Theory and the Animal/Human Relationship, edited by Grant, J. and Jungkunz, V.. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.Google Scholar
Shukin, N. (2009). Animal Capital: Rendering Life in Biopolitical Times. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Siebert, C. (2014). “Should a Chimp Be Able to Sue Its Owner?New York Times Magazine, 23 April.Google Scholar
Smith, K. K. (2012). Governing Animals: Animal Welfare and the Liberal State. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sunstein, C. R. and Nussbaum, M. C., eds. (2004). Animal Rights: Current Debates and New Directions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Trouwborst, A., Caddell, R., and Couzens, E.. (2013). “To Free or Not to Free? State Obligations and the Rescue and Release of Marine Mammals: A Case Study of ‘Morgan the Orca.’Transnational Environmental Law 2(1):117–44.Google Scholar
Wolfe, C. (2010). What is Posthumanism. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×