Genetic Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases: The First Half-Century

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511546259.014

13 - Genetic Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases: The First Half-Century

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 August 2009

Newton E. Morton

Edited by

Krishna R. Dronamraju

Show author details

Newton E. Morton: Affiliation:
Human Genetics Division, University of Southampton, Duthie Building (MP 808), Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
Krishna R. Dronamraju: Affiliation:
Foundation for Genetic Research, Houston, Texas

Book contents

Get access

Summary

INTRODUCTION

The discovery of blood groups by Landsteiner (1900) coincided with the rediscovery of Mendelism. During the next generation, immunology and genetics developed together, but the ideas and even the vocabulary that are essential today were slow to evolve. The term population genetics was not used by Fisher, Wright, or Haldane but was introduced by C. C. Li (1948) in his magisterial synthesis that anticipated division of the field into what we now call evolutionary genetics and genetic epidemiology. Neel and Schull (1954) devoted a chapter of their book to epidemiological genetics, which evolved into genetic epidemiology to reflect the dual origins of disease (Morton et al., 1967). A characteristic of the time was that definitions appeared first in books rather than in articles. However, the pace quickened as human genetics rose from the ashes of eugenics. Haldane (1949) suggested that thalassemia minor might be protective against malaria. The young regional societies of human genetics and the first international congress of human genetics were excited by critical evidence for the link between hemoglobin S and falciparum malaria (Allison, 1954). At the same time, Watson and Crick (1953) created molecular biology, which provided the techniques and markers for genetic epidemiology of infectious disease. The essential vocabulary was slowly invented: linkage disequilibrium (Ohta and Kimura, 1969), haplotype (Ceppellini et al., 1967), diplotype (Morton, 1983), and linkage disequilibrium unit or LDU (Maniatis et al., 2002).

ABO BLOOD GROUPS

Fifty years ago polymorphisms were generally thought to be rare and maintained by selection.

Type: Chapter
Information: Infectious Disease and Host-Pathogen Evolution , pp. 307 - 314

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511546259.014 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aird, L, Bentall, H H, and Roberts, J A F (1953). A relationship between cancer of the stomach and the ABO blood groups. Brit. Med. J. 1: 799–801CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Allison, A C (1954). The distribution of the sickle-cell trait in East Africa and elsewhere, and its apparent relationship to subtertian malaria. Trans. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 48: 312–18CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Azevedo, E, Kreiger, H, and Morton, N E (1964). Smallpox and the ABO blood groups in Brazil. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 16: 451–4Google Scholar

Bina, J C, Tavares-Neto, J, Prata, A, and Azevedo, E S (1978). Greater resistance to development of severe schistosomiasis in Brazilian negroes. Hum. Biol. 50: 41–9Google Scholar PubMed

Cameron, G L, and Staveley, J M (1957). Blood group P-substance in hydatid cyst fluids. Nature 179: 147–8CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Cardoso, W (1953). A esquistossomose mansonica no negro. Med. Cir. Farm. 202: 89–93Google Scholar

Ceppellini R, Curtoni E S, Mattiuz P L, Miggiano V, Scudeller G, and Serra A (1967). Genetics of leucocyte antigens. A family study of segregation and linkage. In Histocompatability Testing, 1967 (Curtoni E S, Mattiuz P L, and Tosi R M, Eds.), pp. 149–85. Munksgaard, Copenhagen

Chan S H, and Rajan V S (1982). HLA – resistance and receptibility to venereal disease. In Immunogenetics in Rheumatology (Dawkins R L, Christensen F T, and Zilko P J, Eds.), pp. 20–3. Excerpta Med. Elsevier Co., Amsterdam

Couzin, J (2002). New mapping project splits the community. Science 296: 1391–3CrossRef Google Scholar

Haldane, J B S (1949). Disease and evolution. Ricerca Sci. 19(Suppl.): 68–76Google Scholar

Harris, R, Harrison, G A, and Rondle, C J M (1963). Vaccinia virus and human blood group-A substance. Acta Genet. 13: 44–57Google Scholar PubMed

Landsteiner K (1900). Zur Kenntnis der antifermentativen, lytischen und agglutinierenden Wirkungen des Blutserums and der Lymphe. Zbl. Bakt. Abt. 1(27): 357–62. Translation in: UIS Army Med. Res. Lab. (1970). Selected contribution to the literature of blood groups and immunology, 1. Fort Knox, Kentucky

Levine, P, Celano, M, and Staveley, J M (1958). The antigenicity of P substance in Echinococcus cyst fluid coated on to tanned red cells. Vox Sang. 3: 434–8CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Li C C (1948). An Introduction to Population Genetics. Peking University Press, Peking

Maniatis, N, Collins, A, Xu, C-F, McCarthy, L C, Hewitt, D R, Tapper, W, Ennis, S, Ke, X, and Morton, N E (2002). The first linkage disequilibrium (LD) maps: Delineation of hot and cold blocks by diplotype analysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 2228–33CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Marquet, S, Abel, L, Hillaire, D, and Dessein, A (1999). Full results of the genome-wide scan which localises a locus controlling the intensity of infection by Schistosoma mansoni on chromosome 5q31-q33. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 7: 88–97CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Miller, L H, Mason, S T, Dvorak, J A, McGiness, M H, and Rothman, I K (1975). Erythocyte receptors for (Plasmodium knowlesi) malaria: Duffy blood group determinants. Science 189: 561–3CrossRef Google Scholar

Morton N E (1983). Factor-union phenotype systems. In Methods in Genetic Epidemiology (Morton N E, Rao D C, and Labuel J-M, Eds.), pp. 14–16. S. Karger, Basel

Morton N E (2000). LODs past and present. In Perspectives on Genetics (Crow J and Dove W J, Eds.), pp. 453–8, 705. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI

Morton, N E, and Collins, A (1998). Tests and estimates of allelic association in complex inheritance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 11389–93CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Morton, N E, and Collins, A (2002). Toward positional cloning with SNPs. Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. 4: 259–64Google Scholar PubMed

Morton N E, Chung C S, and Mi M-P (1967). Genetics of Interracial Crosses in Hawaii. S. Karger, New YorkCrossRef

Mourant A E, Kopec A C, and Domaniewska-Sobczak K (1978). Blood Groups and Diseases. Oxford University Press, Oxford

Neel J V, and Schull W J. (1954). Human Heredity. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

Nunesmaia, G N, Azevedo, E S, Arandas, E A, and Widmer, C G (1975). Composicao racial e anaptoglobinemia em portadores de equistossomose mansonica forma hepatoesplenica. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo 17(3): 160–3Google Scholar

Ohta, T, and Kimura, M (1969). Linkage disequilibrium due to random genetic drift. Genet. Res. 13: 47–55CrossRef Google Scholar

Prata, A, and Schroeder, S (1967). A comparison of whites and negroes infected with Schistosoma mansoni in a hyperendemic area. Gaz. Med. Bahia 67: 93–8Google Scholar

Rao, D C, Morton, N E, Elston, R C, and Yee, S (1977). Causal analysis of academic performance. Behav. Genet. 7: 147–59CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Samson, M, Libert, F, Donanz, B J, Rucker, T, Liesnard, C, Farber, C M, Saragosti, S, Lapoumeroulie, C, Cognaux, T, Forceille, C, and 12 colleagues (1996). Resistance to HIV-1 infection in Caucasian individuals bearing mutant alleles of the CCR-5 chemokine receptor gene. Nature 382: 251–3CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Springer, G F, and Weiner, A S (1962). Alleged causes of the present day world distribution of the human ABO blood groups. Nature 193: 444–6CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Springer, G F, Horton, R E, and Forbes, M (1959). Origin of anti-human blood group B agglutinins in White Leghorn chicks. J. Exp. Med. 110: 221–44CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Teare, M D, , Dunning A M, Durocher, F, Rennant, G, and Easton, D F (2002). Sampling distribution of summary linkage disequilibrium measures. Ann. Hum. Genet. 66: 223–33CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Vogel, F, and Chakravartti, M R (1966). ABO blood groups and smallpox in a rural population of West Bengal and Bihar (India). Humangenetik 3: 166–80Google Scholar

Vogel, F, Pettenkoffen, H J, and Helmbold, W (1960). Uber die populationsgenetik der ABO-blutgruppen. Acta Genet. 10: 267–94Google Scholar

Watson, J D, and Crick, F H C (1953). Molecular structure of nucleic acids: A structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid. Nature 171: 737–8CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Woolf, B (1955). On estimating the relation between blood groups and disease. Ann. Hum. Genet. 19: 251–3CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Book contents

13 - Genetic Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases: The First Half-Century

Summary

Access options

References

Save book to Kindle

Save book to Dropbox

Save book to Google Drive