Introduction

The approximations to the solutions of the Orr–Sommerfeld equation which were derived in § 27 suffer from two major defects. First, the approximations (except for the regular inviscid solution) are not uniformly valid in a full neighbourhood of the critical point and, second, the theory does not lead to a systematic method of obtaining higher approximations. In this chapter, therefore, we shall describe some of the attempts which have been made to overcome these deficiencies of the heuristic theory. These improved theories have generally been based on either the comparison-equation method or the method of matched asymptotic expansions. Although neither method is entirely satisfactory by itself, both have played important roles in the development of the subject.

The comparison-equation method has been extensively studied by Wasow (1953b), Langer (1957, 1959), Lin (1957a,b, 1958), Lin & Rabenstein (1960, 1969) and others. In all of this work the major aims have been to obtain asymptotic approximations to the solutions of the Orr–Sommerfeld equation which are uniformly valid in a bounded domain containing one simple turning point and to develop an algorithm by which higher approximations can be obtained systematically.