Barbara von Fuchstein struggled to recover property lost to her cousin Ulrich Schweikert during the Peasants’ War. Her tenacity in the sequel to armed conflict illustrates the responses of ordinary lay women to the challenges posed by Reformation events. She shows the capacity of a lay woman to navigate a system of property transfer that privileged men, after she was swept into the ferment of German lay spiritualities appearing in the mid-1520s. And she illustrates the flux of religious identities at ground level in the early Reformation, among people whose interest in religious debate was secondary to, perhaps inseparable from, family business. If we wish to understand the Reformation not only among its principal protagonists, who were in most instances clerical partisans in the debate over Luther and the papacy, the saints, and the Mass, but also among ordinary people, we must pay close attention to people like Barbara, who were deeply affected by the Luther affair without choosing to participate in it.