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2 - Regional Continuity and Local Challenges to Resilience among Holocene Hunter-Gatherers of the Greater Cape Floristic Region, South Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 November 2018

By
Susan Pfeiffer  and
Lesley Harrington
Edited by
Daniel H. Temple  and
Christopher M. Stojanowski
Daniel H. Temple
Affiliation:
George Mason University, Virginia
Christopher M. Stojanowski
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
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Summary

This chapter considers bioarchaeological evidence for resilience among hunter-gatherers living in the Greater Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. Results of multi-proxy skeletal datasets indicate Later Stone Age hunter-gatherers were highly mobile with diverse diets and generally healthy lifestyles reflected in normal patterns of growth and development. These results are consistent with other immediate return hunter-gatherer societies. In other ways, these skeletons have features that are unique to southern Africa. In particular, a small adult body size and adaptively shaped pelves reflect the effects of long-term adaptation to an environment that favored a specific form of hunting (persistence tracking). When compared to modern populations, the overall picture is of a persistent hunter-gatherer lifeway characterized by resilience within an immediate return economy. On the other hand, there is bioarchaeological evidence for territoriality in some contexts surveyed in this chapter, which suggests differences from an immediate return hunting and gathering economy. Therefore, the inference of persistence should not be confused with complete homogeneity within the adaptive landscape.
Type
Chapter
Information
Hunter-Gatherer Adaptation and Resilience
A Bioarchaeological Perspective
 , pp. 26 - 46
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

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