Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T06:26:18.099Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

9 - Caste, Economic Inequality, and Climate Justice in India

from Part II - Causes and Consequences of Economic Inequalities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 September 2021

By
Dadasaheb Tandale
Edited by
Gillian MacNaughton ,
Diane Frey  and
Catherine Porter
Gillian MacNaughton
Affiliation:
University of Massachusetts, Boston
Diane Frey
Affiliation:
San Francisco State University
Catherine Porter
Affiliation:
Lancaster University
Get access

Summary

Inequalities exist in various forms in all sectors of our lives, including social, political, economic, gender, racial, caste, language, ability, religion and region. All of them are carefully constructed and systemically practiced through culturally crafted structures of oppression. In neoliberal markets, economic inequalities affect vulnerable communities adversely to the extent of immovable cyclical economic conditions. Economic inequalities are linked to unequal distribution of wealth, income, and pay, but, these variables are not absolute.

Type
Chapter
Information
Human Rights and Economic Inequalities , pp. 217 - 244
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adger, W. Neil. 2003. “Social Capital, Collective Action, and Adaptation to Climate Change.” Economic Geography 79(4): 387–404. www.jstor.org/stable/30032945.Google Scholar
Ahmed, Waquar. 2009. “From Mixed Economy to Neoliberalism: Class and Caste in India’s Economic Transition.” Human Geography 2 no. 3: 37–51. www.academia.edu/2710584/From_Mixed_Economy_to_Neoliberalism_Class_and_Caste_in_India_s_Economic_Transition.Google Scholar
Ambedkar, Bhimrao. 1918. “Small Holdings in India and their Remedies.” Journal of the Indian Economic Society 1(3): 1–26. www.ambedkar.org/ambcd/11.%20Small%20Holdings%20in%20India%20and%20their%20Remedies.htm.Google Scholar
Ambedkar, Bhimrao. 1979. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Writing and Speeches Volume 7. Mumbai: Education Department, Government of Maharashtra.Google Scholar
Ambedkar, Bhimrao. 1979. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Writing and Speeches Volume 1. Mumbai: Education Department, Government of Maharashtra.Google Scholar
Ambedkar, Bhimrao. 1987. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Writing and Speeches Volume 3. Mumbai: Education Department, Government of Maharashtra.Google Scholar
Arya, Gaurav. 2014. Changing Land Distribution System in India – A Comparative Analysis of 48th and 59th Round. International Research Journal of Commerce Arts and Science 5(1): 302–15. www.academia.edu/6477173/Changing_Land_Distribution_System_in_India_A_comparative_analysis_of_48_th_and_59_th_round_By_Gaurav_Arya.Google Scholar
Badhuri, Amita. 2013. Impact of Climate Change on Life & Livelihood of Dalits: An Exploratory Study from Disaster Risk Reduction Lens. New Delhi: National Dalit Watch of National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights and Society for Promotion of Wastelands Development. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b150/0369a1894f26f1094a10f0829ae30e56ca8c.pdf.Google Scholar
Bapuji, Hari. 2015. “Individuals, Interactions and Institutions: How Economic Inequality Affects Organizations.” Human Relations 68(7): 1059–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726715584804.Google Scholar
Bhalla, Nita. 2014. “Lower-caste People Get Less Aid When Disaster Strikes – Report.” Reuters, January 28, 2014. https://in.reuters.com/article/india-low-caste-dalits/lower-caste-people-get-less-aid-when-disaster-strikes-report-idINDEEA0S03M20140129.Google Scholar
Bharti, Nitin Kumar. 2018. “Wealth Inequality, Class and Caste in India, 1951–2012.” Working Paper No 2018/14, World Inequality Lab. https://wid.world/document/n-k-bharti-wealth-inequality-class-and-caste-in-india-1961-2012/.Google Scholar
Black, Richard, Dominic Kniveton, , and Kerstin Schmidt-Verkerk, 2011. “Migration and Climate Change: Towards an Integrated Assessment of Sensitivity.” Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 43(2): 431–50. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1068/a43154.Google Scholar
Brooks, Nick. 2003. “Vulnerability, Risk and Adaptation: A Conceptual Framework.” Working Paper 38, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. www.researchgate.net/publication/200032746_Vulnerability_Risk_and_Adaptation_A_Conceptual_Framework.Google Scholar
Chancel, Lucas, and Piketty, Thomas. 2017. “Indian Income Inequality, 1922–2015: From British Raj to Billionaire Raj?” Working Paper No 2017/11, World Inequality Lab. https://wid.world/document/chancelpiketty2017widworld/.Google Scholar
Chaturvedi, Rajiv K., Kattumuri, Ruth and Ravindranth., Darshini 2014. “Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change in Indian Policy Planning.” International Journal of Applied Economics and Econometrics 22(1): 23–56. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/51065/.Google Scholar
Desai, Sonalde, Vanneman, Reeve and National Council of Applied Economic Research. 2011. Indian Human Development Survey Datasets.Google Scholar
Deshpande, Ashwini. 2001. “Caste at Birth? Redefining Disparity in India.” Review of Development Economics 5(1): 130–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deshpande, Manali S. 2010. “History of the Indian Caste System and Its Impact on India Today.” Senior Project, Social Sciences Department, College of Liberal Arts, California Polytechnic State University. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1043&context=socssp.Google Scholar
Dutta, Swarup, Sinha, Ishita and Parashar, Adya. 2018. “Dalit Women and Water: Availability, Access and Discrimination in Rural India.” Journal of Social Inclusion Studies 4 no. 1: 4(1): 62–79. doi:10.1177/2394481118774487.Google Scholar
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2017. The Future of Food and Agriculture – Trends and Challenges. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. www.fao.org/3/a-i6583e.pdf.Google Scholar
Fazal, Tanweer. 2017. “Scheduled Castes, Reservations and Religion: Revisiting a Juridical Debate.” Contributions to Indian Sociology 51(1): 1–24. doi:10.1177/0069966716680429.Google Scholar
Fuller, C. J. and Narasimhan, Haripriya. 2014. Tamil Brahmans: The Making of a Middle-Class Caste. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Gauher, Rajesh Kumar. 2016. “DR. B. R. Ambedkar on India’s Agrarian Problems.” International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research 2(12): 41–4. https://doi.org/10.22271/social.Google Scholar
Ghosh, Prabir Kumar and Chakrabarty, G.. (2000), Human Development Profile of Scheduled Castes and Tribes in Rural India, NCAER: New Delhi.Google Scholar
Grey, Mary C. 2010. A Cry for Dignity: Religion, Violence and the Struggle of Dalit Women in India. London, Oakville: Equinox.Google Scholar
Gupta, Dipankar. 2000. Interrogating Caste: Understanding Hierarchy and Difference in Indian Society. New Delhi: Penguin.Google Scholar
Himanshu, . 2018. Widening Gaps: India Inequality Report 2018. New Dehli: OxfamIndia. www.oxfamindia.org/sites/default/files/WideningGaps_IndiaInequalityReport2018.pdf.Google Scholar
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2007. “Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability.” www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/ar4_wg2_full_report.pdf.Google Scholar
International Dalit Solidarity Network. 2013. “Equality in Aid: Addressing Caste Discrimination in Humanitarian Response.” Copenhagen: International Dalit Solidarity Network. www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/AdvisoryCom/PostDisaster/InternationalDalitSolidarityNetworkReport.pdf.Google Scholar
International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), and ICF. 2017. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015–16, India. Mumbai: IIPS. http://rchiips.org/NFHS/NFHS-4Reports/India.pdf.Google Scholar
International Labour Organization (ILO), United Nations Task Team on Social Dimensions of Climate Change, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, International Telecommunication Union, World Health Organization, United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, United Nations University, International Organization for Migration, World Food Programme, and United Nations Population Fund. 2011. The Social Dimensions of Climate Change – Discussion Draft. www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/–ed_emp/–emp_ent/documents/publication/wcms_169567.pdf.Google Scholar
Lakshmi, Iyer, Khanna, Tarun and Varshney., Ashutosh 2011. “Caste and Entrepreneurship in India.” Working Paper Number 12 (028), Harvard Business School. www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/12–028_0e6e69ba-da4d-4abc-b66a-9611dc07c53b.pdf.Google Scholar
Jodhka, Surinder S. 2011. “Caste and Power in the Lands of Agri‐Culture: Revisiting Rural North West India.” Paper presented at the Conference on “Changes in Caste Hierarchies in Rural India and Their Political Implications,” Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla, India.Google Scholar
Kale, Sampat, and Gond, Jitendra Kumar. 2016. “Drought in Marathwada: Water Scarcity Worsening Situation in Marathwada.” International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 5(5): 8376–84. doi:10.15680/ijirset.2016.0505270.Google Scholar
Kompas, Tom, Pham, Van Ha and Che, Tuong Nhu. 2018. “The Effects of Climate Change on GDP by Country and the Global Economic Gains From Complying With the Paris Climate Accord.” Earth’s Future 6(8): 1153–73.Google Scholar
Kumar, Rohitashw, and Gautam, Harender Raj. 2014. “Climate Change and its Impact on Agricultural Productivity in India.” Journal of Climatology & Weather Forecasting 2(1): 109. doi:10.4172/2332-2594.1000109.Google Scholar
Kumar, Sunil Mitra. 2016. “Why Does Caste Still Influence Access to Agricultural Credit?” Working Paper no. 2016/86, World Institute for Development and Economic Research. www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/146280/1/862174546.pdf.Google Scholar
Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare. 2018. Agriculture Census 2015–16. New Delhi: Government of India. http://agcensus.nic.in/document/agcen1516/T1_ac_2015_16.pdf.Google Scholar
Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation. 2016. All India Report of Sixth Economic Census. New Delhi: Government of India Central Statistics Office. www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/All%20India%20Report%20of%20Sixth%20Economic%20Census.pdf.Google Scholar
Mukhopadhyay, Rajatsubhra. 1980. “Role of Caste in Agrarian Relations.” Social Scientist 8(9): 42–52. www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3516555.pdf.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagaveni, Preethi Lolaksha and Anand, Amit. 2017. “Climate Change and its Impact on India.” National Law University Odisha Law Journal 4: 81–97. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/125076/1/CLIMATE_CHANGE_AND_ITS_IMPACT_ON_INDIA_A_COMMENT.pdf.Google Scholar
Narula, Smita. 2008. “Equal by Law, Unequal by Caste: The ‘Untouchable’ Condition in Critical Race Perspective.” Wisconsin International Law Journal 26: 1–50. https://chrgj.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/narula.pdf.Google Scholar
National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO). 2012. Employment and Unemployment Situation in India (68th Round, July 2011–June 2012, Report No. 554). New Delhi: National Sample Survey Organization.Google Scholar
National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO). 2013. Household Assets and Indebtedness among Social Groups (NSS 70th Round, Report No. 578 (70/18.2/3). New Delhi: National Sample Survey Organization.Google Scholar
Nielsen, Jonas, and Reenberg, Anette. 2010. “Cultural Barriers to Climate Change Adaptation: A Case Study from Northern Burkina Faso.” Global Environmental Change 20: 142–52. www.academia.edu/14976096/Cultural_barriers_to_climate_change_adaptation_A_case_study_from_Northern_Burkina_Faso.Google Scholar
Pankaj, Ashok K. 2008. Processes, Institutions and Mechanisms of Implementation of NREGA: Impact Assessment of Bihar and Jharkhand. Delhi: Institute for Human Development.Google Scholar
Qureshi, Israr, Sutter, Christopher and Bhatt, Babita. 2018. “The Transformative Power of Knowledge Sharing in Settings of Poverty and Social Inequality.” Organization Studies 39(11): 1575–99. doi:10.1177/0170840617727777.Google Scholar
Sana, Arunoday. 1993. “The Caste System in India and Its Consequences.” International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 13(3/4): 1–76. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb013170.Google Scholar
Sarkar, Badal. 2013. “Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s Theory of State Socialism.” International Research Journal of Social Sciences 2(8): 38–41. www.isca.in/IJSS/Archive/v2/i8/6.ISCA-IRJSS-2013-113.pdf.Google Scholar
Sathyan, Archana R., Funk, Christopher, Aenis, Thomas and Breuer, Lutz. 2018. “Climate Vulnerability in Rainfed Farming: Analysis from Indian Watersheds.” Sustainability 10(9): 3357.Google Scholar
Sen, Amartya. 1997. On Economic Inequality. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Shah, Alpa, Lerche, Jens, Axelby, Richard, Benbabaali, Dalel, Donegan, Brendan, Raj, Jayasaleen and Vikramaditva, Thakur. 2018. Ground Down by Growth: Tribe, Caste, Class and inequality in Twenty-First-Century India. London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Shah, Ghanshyam, Harsh, Mander, Thorat, Sukhadeo, Despande, Satish and Baviskar, Amita. 2006. Untouchability in Rural India. New Delhi: Saga Publications.Google Scholar
Solinski, Thomas. 2012. “NREGA and Labor Migration in India: Is Village life What the ‘Rural’ Poor Want?” The South Asianist 1(1): 17–30. www.southasianist.ed.ac.uk/article/view/30.Google Scholar
Thorat, Sukhadeo and Newman, Katherine S. (eds). 2010. Blocked by Caste: Economic Discrimination in Modern India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Thorat, Sukhadeo, and Madheswaran, S.. 2018. “Graded Caste Inequality and Poverty: Evidence on Role of Economic Discrimination.” Journal of Social Inclusion Studies 4(1): 3–29. doi:10.1177/2394481118775873.Google Scholar
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Sa-Dhan. 2010. Policy Interface: A Report Interface on Financial Inclusion of Dalits, Tribals and Religious Minorities: Issues, Challenges and Way Forward. Dehli: UNDP and Sa-Dhan. www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/dalit_minority_fin_exclusion_interface_2010_a_report.pdf.Google Scholar
United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). 2015. Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. UN Doc. A/RES/70/1. October 21. www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_RES_70_1_E.pdf.Google Scholar
World Bank. 2016. Agricultural Land. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.AGRI.ZS.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×