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59 - Primate betaherpesviruses

from Part IV - Non-human primate herpesviruses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

By
Peter A. Barry  and
W. L. William Chang
Edited by
Ann Arvin ,
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume ,
Edward Mocarski ,
Patrick S. Moore ,
Bernard Roizman ,
Richard Whitley  and
Koichi Yamanishi
Peter A. Barry
Affiliation:
Center for Comparative Medicine
W. L. William Chang
Affiliation:
Center for Comparative Medicine
Ann Arvin
Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
Edward Mocarski
Affiliation:
Emory University, Atlanta
Patrick S. Moore
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Bernard Roizman
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Richard Whitley
Affiliation:
University of Alabama, Birmingham
Koichi Yamanishi
Affiliation:
University of Osaka, Japan
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Summary

The last few years have witnessed significant expansion of the simian cytomegalovirus (CMV) model of human CMV (HCMV) infection. Progress in the utilization of the simian CMV models has been highlighted by a better understanding of natural history, development of species-specific reagents and techniques, sequencing of several viral genomes, and generation of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) containing a full-length CMV genome. This work has demonstrated that, not only is there strong conservation of genomic organization and coding content, but also that the simian CMV exhibit significant parallels to HCMV in the course of viral infection in both immunocompetent hosts and those without a fully functional immune system. A wide range of experimental approaches into the molecular biology of HCMV, mechanisms of HCMV persistence and pathogenesis, and the design of novel treatment and prevention strategies are now possible in different non-human primate (NHP) models.

Characterization of simian betaherpesviruses has been restricted almost exclusively to CMV. The single report that is consistent with the existence of human herpesvirus (HHV)-6/7-like viruses in non-human primates (NHP) is based on the amplification of a short DNA sequence with nucleic and amino acid homologies to DNA polymerase of HHV-6 and 7 (Lacoste et al., 2000). In contrast, CMV has been isolated from multiple genera and species of old and new world NHP. Each simian species probably harbors its own variant of CMV that has co-evolved with its host during primate evolution.

Type
Chapter
Information
Human Herpesviruses
Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis
 , pp. 1051 - 1075
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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