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50 - Clinical and pathological aspects of EBV And KSHV infection

from Part III - Pathogenesis, clinical disease, host response, and epidemiology: gammaherpesviruses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

By
Richard F. Ambinder  and
Ethel Cesarman
Edited by
Ann Arvin ,
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume ,
Edward Mocarski ,
Patrick S. Moore ,
Bernard Roizman ,
Richard Whitley  and
Koichi Yamanishi
Richard F. Ambinder
Affiliation:
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Departments of Oncology, Pathology, and Pharmacology Baltimore, MD, USA
Ethel Cesarman
Affiliation:
Weill Medical College of Cornell University Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine New York, NY, USA
Ann Arvin
Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
Edward Mocarski
Affiliation:
Emory University, Atlanta
Patrick S. Moore
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Bernard Roizman
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Richard Whitley
Affiliation:
University of Alabama, Birmingham
Koichi Yamanishi
Affiliation:
University of Osaka, Japan
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Summary

The human γ-herpesviruses Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) establish latency in cellular reservoirs that are maintained for the life of the infected individual. Intermittent reactivation leads to infection of new cells within the host and secretion of virions in saliva. Primary infections are usually asymptomatic. However, in immunocompromised patients and in other special but poorly understood circumstances, tumors and other virus-associated diseases may manifest. Both human γ-herpesviruses were first identified in tumors and primary effusion lymphomas are typically dually infected (Cesarman et al., 1995; Chang et al., 1994; Epstein, 2001). For all their similarities, however, there are also striking differences between the viruses. EBV is nearly ubiquitous whereas KSHV is restricted to particular populations. EBV is most commonly associated with B-, T- and NK-cell tumors and epithelial tumors, whereas KSHV is associated with endothelial and B-cell tumors. In this chapter, aspects of virus–disease associations and therapies will be explored.

EBV

Transmission of EBV generally involves oral contact (Cohen, 2000). This might occur through the maternal chewing of food for young infants such as occurs in some cultures, the sharing of eating utensils, or kissing (Niederman et al., 1976). Infection may also occur through genital transmission, blood transfusion, and organ or bone marrow transplantation (Crawford et al., 2002). By adulthood more than 90% of adults show serologic evidence of EBV infection.

Type
Chapter
Information
Human Herpesviruses
Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis
 , pp. 885 - 903
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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