Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of figures
- List of tables
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Tools for environmental impact and damage assessment
- 3 Exposure–response functions for health impacts
- 4 Impacts of air pollution on building materials
- 5 Agriculture, forests and ecosystems
- 6 Other impacts
- 7 Atmospheric dispersion of pollutants
- 8 Multimedia pathways
- 9 Monetary valuation
- 10 The costs of climate change
- 11 Uncertainty of damage costs
- 12 Key assumptions and results for cost per kg of pollutant
- 13 Results for power plants
- 14 Results for waste treatment
- 15 Results for transport
- 16 Lessons for policy makers
- Appendix A Nomenclature, symbols, units and conversion factors
- Appendix B Description of the RiskPoll software
- Appendix C Equations for multimedia model of Chapter 8
- Index
- References
12 - Key assumptions and results for cost per kg of pollutant
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 July 2014
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of figures
- List of tables
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Tools for environmental impact and damage assessment
- 3 Exposure–response functions for health impacts
- 4 Impacts of air pollution on building materials
- 5 Agriculture, forests and ecosystems
- 6 Other impacts
- 7 Atmospheric dispersion of pollutants
- 8 Multimedia pathways
- 9 Monetary valuation
- 10 The costs of climate change
- 11 Uncertainty of damage costs
- 12 Key assumptions and results for cost per kg of pollutant
- 13 Results for power plants
- 14 Results for waste treatment
- 15 Results for transport
- 16 Lessons for policy makers
- Appendix A Nomenclature, symbols, units and conversion factors
- Appendix B Description of the RiskPoll software
- Appendix C Equations for multimedia model of Chapter 8
- Index
- References
Summary
Summary
In Chapters 12 to 15 we present results. We focus on results obtained within the ExternE series, because we are most familiar with that and have access to the complete documentation. But we also cite results from studies in the USA. The underlying assumptions, especially the ERFs and monetary values, have been evolving in the light of new research, and a variety of different damage cost numbers can be found in the literature. The most recent European results for electricity production and for LCA are those published by ExternE (2008), and we present them in Chapters 12 to 14. We also show how to adjust them for increases in the valuation of mortality and greenhouse gases that we believe are appropriate.
A complication lies in the site dependence, in particular the variation with emission site and stack height. In these chapters we try to present results for typical applications, with indications of how they might differ for different situations. Variation with emission site is especially strong for transport emissions, discussed in Chapter 15.
In the present chapter, we present a summary of the key assumptions and the resulting damage costs per kg of pollutant for typical European conditions. We also show results of assessments in the USA. The implications for electricity production, waste treatment and vehicles are presented in Chapters 13 to 15.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- How Much Is Clean Air Worth?Calculating the Benefits of Pollution Control, pp. 497 - 518Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2014
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