As already noted, by the beginning of the nineteenth century, what had once been Poland had been partitioned between Prussia and the Austrian and Russian empires. During that century, nevertheless, Polish aristocrats frequently journeyed to Egypt, valuing hunting and sightseeing over other attractions or religious peregrinations. Many of these individuals reached as far as the Second Cataract in dahabiyas (sailing boats) that they had rented or purchased. Examples include the journeys of Aleksander Branicki* (1821–77), Adam Potocki❖ (1822–72), Michał Tyszkiewicz and Mikołaj Wisłocki* (1821–66).