Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T17:10:37.651Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 3 - Female Genital Mutilation and Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)

from Section 1 - Prepregnancy Problems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 November 2017

David James
Affiliation:
University of Nottingham
Philip Steer
Affiliation:
Imperial College London
Carl Weiner
Affiliation:
University of Kansas
Bernard Gonik
Affiliation:
Wayne State University, Detroit
Stephen Robson
Affiliation:
University of Newcastle
Get access

Summary

Female genital mutilation (FGM) presents a unique challenge for obstetricians as management encompasses clinical, legal, and safeguarding aspects. Some clinicians will feel confident dealing with FGM and its consequences, having worked in high-prevalence areas. Others, having worked mainly in regions with a low prevalence of FGM, may complete their training without ever seeing a case. The aim of this chapter is to familiarize obstetricians with the law surrounding FGM, the risks posed to pregnant women, and management during pregnancy.

Type
Chapter
Information
High-Risk Pregnancy
Management Options
, pp. 45 - 52
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
First published in: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

World Health Organization. Classification of female genital mutilation. Geneva: WHO, 2007. http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/overview/en (accessed March 2017).Google Scholar
UNICEF. Female genital mutilation/cutting. http://www.unicef.org/protection/57929_58002.html (accessed March 2017).Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Female genital mutilation. Factsheet # 241. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en (accessed March 2017).Google Scholar
UNICEF. Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Statistical Overview and Exploration of the Dynamics of Change. UNICEF, 2013. http://data.unicef.org/resources/female-genital-mutilationcutting-statistical-overview-exploration-dynamics-change (accessed March 2017).Google Scholar
Macfarlane, A, Dorkenoo, E. Female Genital Mutilation in England & Wales. Updated statistical estimates of the numbers of affected women living in England and Wales and girls at risk 2014. London: Equality Now and City University London, 2015. https://www.city.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/282388/FGM-statistics-final-report-21-07-15-released-text.pdf (accessed March 2017).Google Scholar
Equality Now. FGM in the United States. http://www.equalitynow.org/infographic_fgm_in_us (accessed March 2017).Google Scholar
UK Government. Serious Crime Act. 2015 c.9 Part 5. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/9/part/5/crossheading/female-genital-mutilation/enacted (accessed March 2017).Google Scholar
Essén, B, Hanson, BS, Östergren, PO, Lindquist, PG, Gudmundsson, S. Increased perinatal mortality among sub-Saharan immigrants in a city-population in Sweden. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2000; 79: 737–43. doi: 10.3109/00016340009169187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Small, R, Gagnon, A, Gissler, M, et al. Somali women and their pregnancy outcomes postmigration: data from six receiving countries. BJOG 2008; 115: 1630–40.Google Scholar
Malin, M, Gissler, M. Maternal care and birth outcomes among ethnic minority women in Finland. BMC Public Health 2009; 9: 84.Google Scholar
Zanconato, G, Iacovella, C, Parazzini, F, Bergamini, V, Franchi, M. Pregnancy outcome of migrant women delivering in a public institution in northern Italy. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2011; 72: 157–62.Google Scholar
Iavazzo, C, Sardi, TA, Gkegkes, ID. Female genital mutilation and infections: a systematic review of the clinical evidence. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2013; 287: 1137–49.Google Scholar
Schnarr, J, Smaill, F. Asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic urinary tract infection in pregnancy. Eur J Clin Invest 2008; 38 (Suppl. 2): 50–7.Google Scholar
Farkash, E, Wientraub, AY, Sergienko, R, et al. Acute antepartum pyelonephritis in pregnancy: a critical analysis of risk factors and outcomes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012; 162: 24–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mazor-Dray, E, Levy, A, Schlaeffer, F, Sheiner, E. Maternal urinary tract infection: is it independently associated with adverse pregnancy outcome? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2009; 22: 124–32.Google Scholar
Matuszkiewicz-Rowińska, J, Małyszko, J, Wieliczko, M. Urinary tract infections in pregnancy: old and new unresolved diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Arch Med Sci 2015; 11: 6777.Google Scholar
Banks, E, Meirik, O, Farley, T, et al.; WHO study group on female genital mutilation and obstetric outcome. Female genital mutilation and obstetric outcome: WHO collaborative prospective study in six African countries. Lancet 2006; 367: 1835–41.Google Scholar
Berg, RC, Odgaard-Jensen, J, Fretheim, A, Underland, V, Vist, G. An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the obstetric consequences of female genital mutilation/ cutting. Obstet Gynecol Int 2014; 2014: 542859. doi: 10.1155/2014/542859.Google Scholar
Berggren, V, Gottvall, K, Isman, E, Bergström, S, Ekéus, C. Infibulated women have an increased risk of anal sphincter tears at delivery: a population-based Swedish register study of 250 000 births. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2013; 92: 101–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Department of Health. Female Genital Mutilation Risk and Safeguarding: Guidance for Professionals. London: DoH, 2016. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/418564/2903800_DH_FGM_Accessible_v0.1.pdf (accessed March 2017).Google Scholar
Health and Social Care Information Centre. The Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) Enhanced Dataset (SCCI 2026). https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/female-genital-mutilation-jan-mar-2016-enhanced-dataset (accessed March 2017).Google Scholar
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Female Genital Mutilation and its Management. Green-top Guideline No. 53. London: RCOG, 2015. Appendix 3. https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-research-services/guidelines/gtg53 (accessed March 2017).Google Scholar
FGM National Clinical Group. De-infibulation video resource. http://www.fgmresource.com (accessed March 2017).Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×