This chapter discusses the risk factors, clinical definitions, diagnosis, and treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) and urinary tract infections (UTIs). In institutionalized women, UI is much more common. Approximately one-half of postmenopausal women develop UI while exercising. The four forms of urinary incontinence include: stress incontinence, urge incontinence, overflow bladder and functional incontinence. There are medical, behavioral, electrical, magnetic, and surgical treatments of UI. Every type of treatment has a success rate of 50% or greater. Family and general physicians can diagnose and treat UI in women with a great deal of efficacy using a history, physical examination and simple test in the office, using a variety of methods including behavioral therapy and medication. The risk factors for recurrent UTI include a personal history of UTI, incontinence, and presence of a cystocele. UTIs are common, and must be identified and treated.