Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T20:04:22.052Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

29 - Neoplastic disease in pediatric HIV infection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2009

By
Richard F. Little
Edited by
Steven L. Zeichner  and
Jennifer S. Read
Richard F. Little
Affiliation:
HIV and acquired immune deficiency syndrome Malignancy Branch, CCR, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Steven L. Zeichner
Affiliation:
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
Jennifer S. Read
Affiliation:
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Get access

Summary

Introduction

HIV-infected patients have an increased incidence of malignancies. Three malignancies constitute AIDS-defining diagnoses: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and cervical cancer. There are increased risks for other cancers [1]. Approximately 40% of HIV-infected adults develop cancer [2]. The neoplastic disease risk in HIV-infected children exceeds that of adults, but because of low background incidence, cancers are uncommon in children living in the West. In certain parts of Africa, pediatric neoplastic disease may be more common [3].

Epidemiology of AIDS-related cancers

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)

In the USA KS primarily affects men who have sex with other men (MSM), and their female partners [4]. In sub-Saharan Africa, it is common among heterosexuals and children [5]. Greater understanding of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) also termed Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), helps to explain KS geographic variation [6, 7]. KSHV is a necessary, though insufficient, component in KS etiology.

Approximately 50% of adults infected with HIV and KSHV develop KS within 10 years [8]. Those infected with KSHV before HIV infection have lower risks of KS than those already infected with HIV before KSHV [9]. KSHV may be transmitted sexually and from mother to infant [10]. In Africa, HIV-associated KS is seen in adults and children [11]. Males develop KS more frequently than females. KSHV seroprevalence varies substantially in different regions and in different populations, tracking KS epidemiology.

Type
Chapter
Information
Handbook of Pediatric HIV Care , pp. 637 - 650
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

McClain, K. L., Leach, C. T., Jenson, H. B.et al.Association of Epstein–Barr virus with leiomyosarcomas in children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 1995;332(1):12–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biggar, R. J., Rabkin, C. S.The epidemiology of acquired immune deficiency syndrome–related neoplasms. Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North. Am. 1996;10(5):997–1010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banda, L. T., Parkin, D. M., Dzamalala, C. P., Liomba, N. G.Cancer incidence in Blantyre, Malawi 1994–1998. Trop. Med. Int. Health. 2001;6(4):296–304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levine, A. M.acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related malignancies: the emerging epidemic. J. Natl. Cancer. Inst. 1993;85(17):1382–1397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amir, H., Kaaya, E. E., Manji, K. P., Kwesigabo, G., Biberfeld, P.Kaposi's sarcoma before and during a human immunodeficiency virus epidemic in Tanzanian children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 2001;20(5):518–521.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chang, Y., Cesarman, E., Pessin, M.et al.Identification of herpesvirus-like deoxyribonucleic acid sequences in acquired immune deficiency syndrome-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. Science 1994;266:1865–1869.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, S. J., Kingsley, L., Li, M.et al.Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus antibodies among Americans, Italians and Ugandans with and without Kaposi's sarcoma. Nat. Med. 1996;2(8):925–928.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, J. N., Ganem, D. E., Osmond, D. H., Page-Shafer, K. A., Macrae, D., Kedes, D. H.Sexual transmission and the natural history of human herpesvirus 8 infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 1998;338(14):948–954.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Renwick, N., Halaby, T., Weverling, G. J.et al.Seroconversion for human herpesvirus 8 during human immunodeficiency virus infection is highly predictive of Kaposi's sarcoma. acquired immune deficiency syndrome 1998;12(18):2481–2488.Google ScholarPubMed
Whitby, D., Smith, N., Ariyoshi, K. et al. Serologic evidence for different routes of transmission of HHV-8 in different populations. Second National acquired immune deficiency syndrome Malignancy Conference, Bethesda, April 6–8, 1998.
Ziegler, J. L., Katongole-Mbidde, E.Kaposi's sarcoma in childhood: an analysis of 100 cases from Uganda and relationship to human immunodeficiency virus infection. Int. J. Cancer 1996;65(2):200–203.3.0.CO;2-H>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casper, C., Wald, A., Pauk, J., Tabet, S. R., Corey, L., Celum, C. L.Correlates of prevalent and incident Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection in men who have sex with men. J. Infect. Dis. 2002;185(7):990–993.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baillargeon, J., Leach, C. T., Deng, J. H., Gao, S. J., Jenson, H. B.High prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection in south Texas children. J. Med. Virol. 2002;67(4):542–548.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Enbom, M., Urassa, W., Massambu, C., Thorstensson, R., Mhalu, F., Linde, A.Detection of human herpesvirus 8 deoxyribonucleic acid in serum from blood donors with HHV-8 antibodies indicates possible bloodborne virus transmission. J. Med. Virol. 2002;68(2):264–267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bassett, M. T., Chokunonga, E., Mauchaza, B., Levy, L., Ferlay, J., Parkin, D. M.Cancer in the African population of Harare, Zimbabwe, 1990–1992. Int. J. Cancer 1995;63(1):29–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MMWR: US human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome cases reported through December 1994human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome Surveillance Report, vol 6. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1995; 1–39.
Irwin, D., Kaplan, L.Clinical aspects of human immunodeficiency virus-related lymphoma. Curr. Opin. Oncol. 1993;5(5):852–860.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newton, R., Ziegler, J., Beral, V.et al.A case-control study of human immunodeficiency virus infection and cancer in adults and children residing in Kampala, Uganda. Int. J. Cancer 2001;92(5):622–627.3.0.CO;2-K>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parkin, D. M., Wabinga, H., Nambooze, S., Wabwire-Mangen, F.acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related cancers in Africa: maturation of the epidemic in Uganda. acquired immune deficiency syndrome 1999;13(18):2563–2570.Google Scholar
Motti, P. G., Dallabetta, G. A., Daniel, R. W.et al.Cervical abnormalities, human papillomavirus, and human immunodeficiency virus infections in women in Malawi. J. Infect. Dis. 1996;173(3):714–717.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carter, J. J., Koutsky, L. A., Wipf, G. C.et al.The natural history of human papillomavirus type 16 capsid antibodies among a cohort of university women. J. Infect. Dis. 1996;174(5):927–936.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chadwick, E. G., Connor, E. J., Hanson, I. C.et al.Tumors of smooth-muscle origin in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 1990;263(23):3182–3184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenson, H. B., Leach, C. T., McClain, K. L.et al.Benign and malignant smooth muscle tumors containing Epstein–Barr virus in children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Leuk. Lymphoma 1997;27(3–4):303–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobson, L. P., Yamashita, T. E., Detels, R.et al.Impact of potent antiretroviral therapy on the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas among human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected individuals. Multicenter acquired immune deficiency syndrome Cohort Study. J. Acquir. Immune. Defic. Syndr. 1999;21 Suppl. 1:S34–S41.Google Scholar
Besson, C., Goubar, A., Gabarre, J.et al.Changes in acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related lymphoma since the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Blood 2001;98(8):2339–2344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krown, S. E., Testa, M. A., Huang, J.acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma: prospective validation of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome Clinical Trials Group staging classification. acquired immune deficiency syndrome Clinical Trials Group Oncology Committee. J. Clin. Oncol. 1997;15(9):3085–3092.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nasti, G., Talamini, R., Antinori, A.et al.acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma: evaluation of potential New prognostic factors and assessment of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome Clinical Trial Group staging system in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era – the Italian Cooperative Group on acquired immune deficiency syndrome and Tumors and the Italian Cohort of patients naive from antiretrovirals. J. Clin. Oncol. 2003;21(15):2876–2882.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yarchoan, R., Little, R. F. Immunosuppression-related malignancies. In DeVita, V. T. Jr., Hellman, S., Rosenberg, S. A., eds. Cancer, Principles and Practice of Oncology, 6th edn. Philadelphia: LippincottWilliams and Wilkins, 2001; 2575–2597.Google Scholar
Krown, S. E.Interferon and other biologic agents for the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma. Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. 1991: 5(2): 311–322.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Northfelt, D. W., Dezube, B. J., Thommes, J. A.et al.Efficacy of pegylated-liposomal doxorubicin in the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma after failure of standard chemotherapy. J. Clin. Oncol. 1997;15(2):653–659.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welles, L., Saville, M. W., Lietzau, J.et al.Phase II trial with dose titration of paclitaxel for the therapy of human immunodeficiency virus-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 1998;16(3):1112–1121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaplan, L., Abrams, D., Volberding, P.Treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with an alternating vincristine–vinblastine regimen. Cancer Treat. Rep. 1986;70(9):1121–1122.Google ScholarPubMed
Stein, M. E., Spencer, D., Ruff, P., Lakier, R., MacPhail, P., Bezwoda, W. R.Endemic African Kaposi's sarcoma: clinical and therapeutic implications. 10-year experience in the Johannesburg Hospital (1980–1990). Oncology 1994;51(1):63–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mueller, B. U., Shad, A. T., Magrath, I. T.et al. Malignancies in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection, In Pizzo, P. A., Wilfert, C. M., eds. Pediatric acquired immune deficiency syndrome: The Challenge of human immunodeficiency virus Infection in Infants, Children, and Adolescents. 2nd edn. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1994.Google Scholar
Jaffe, E. S., Harris, N. L., Stein, H., Vardiman, J. W., World Health Organization Classification of Tumors: Pathology and Genetics: Tumors of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Lyon: IARC Press, 2001; 351.Google Scholar
Beral, V., Peterman, T., Berkelman, R., Jaffe, H.acquired immune deficiency syndrome-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Lancet 1991;337:805–809.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antinori, A., Cingolani, A., Alba, L.et al.Better response to chemotherapy and prolonged survival in acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related lymphomas responding to highly active antiretroviral therapy. acquired immune deficiency syndrome 2001;15(12):1483–1491.Google Scholar
Kaplan, L. D., Straus, D. J., Testa, M. A.et al.Low-dose compared with standard-dose m-BACOD chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases acquired immune deficiency syndrome Clinical Trials Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 1997;336(23):1641–1648.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walsh, C., Wernz, J. C., Levine, A.et al.Phase I trial of m-BACOD and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor in human immunodeficiency virus-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 1993;6(3):265–271.Google Scholar
Little, R. F., Pittaluga, S., Grant, N.et al.Highly effective treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphoma with dose-adjusted EPOCH: impact of antiretroviral therapy suspension and tumor biology. Blood 2003;101(12):4653–4659.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forsyth, P. A., Yahalom, J., DeAngelis, L. M.Combined-modality therapy in the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Neurology 1994;44(8):1473–1479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antinori, A., Rossi, G., Ammassari, A.et al.Value of combined approach with thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography and Epstein–Barr virus deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related primary central nervous system lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 1999;17(2):554–560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Northfelt, D. W.Cervical and anal neoplasia and human papillomavirus infection in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Oncology (Huntingt) 1994;8(1):33–37; discussion 38–40.Google Scholar
Morgello, S., Kotsianti, A., Gumprecht, J. P., Moore, F.Epstein–Barr virus-associated dural leiomyosarcoma in a man infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Case report. J. Neurosurg. 1997;86(5):883–887.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McClain, K. L., Joshi, V. V., Murphy, S. B.Cancers in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North. Am. 1996;10(5):1189–1201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joshi, V. V., Gagnon, G. A., Chadwick, E. G.et al.The spectrum of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lesions in pediatric patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a clinicopathologic study of six cases. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1997;107(5):592–600.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Montalban, C., Manzanal, A., Boixeda, D.et al.Helicobacter pylori eradication for the treatment of low-grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: follow-up together with sequential molecular studies. Ann. Oncol. 1997; 8 Suppl 2:37–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isaacson, P. G., Gastrointestinal lymphoma. Hum. Pathol. 1994;25(10):1020–1029.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Joshi, V. V., Kauffman, S., Oleske, J. M.et al.Polyclonal polymorphic B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder with prominent pulmonary involvement in children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Cancer 1987;59(8):1455–1462.3.0.CO;2-D>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Northfelt, D. W., Dezube, B. J., Thommes, J. A.et al.Pegylated-liposomal doxorubicin versus doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vincristine in the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma: results of a randomized phase III clinical trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 1998;16(7):2445–2451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gill, P. S., Wernz, J., Scadden, D. T.et al.Randomized phase III trial of liposomal daunorubicin versus doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vincristine in acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 1996;14(8):2353–2364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gill, P. S., Tulpule, A., Espina, B. M.et al.Paclitaxel is safe and effective in the treatment of advanced acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 1999;17(6):1876–1883.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gill, P. S., Rarick, M., McCutchan, J. A.et al.Systemic treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma: results of a randomized trial. Am. J. Med. 1991;90:427–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ratner, L., Lee, J., Tang, S.et al.Chemotherapy for human immunodeficiency virus-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in combination with highly active antiretroviral therapy. J. Clin. Oncol. 2001;19(8):2171–2178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×