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Chapter 1 - Solutions and Solution Properties

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 June 2019

By
Jennifer Moffitt Schall  and
Allan S. Myerson
Edited by
Allan S. Myerson ,
Deniz Erdemir  and
Alfred Y. Lee
Allan S. Myerson
Affiliation:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Deniz Erdemir
Affiliation:
Bristol-Myers Squibb, USA
Alfred Y. Lee
Affiliation:
Merck & Co., Inc
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Summary

Crystallization is a separation and purification technique employed to produce a wide variety of materials. Crystallization may be defined as a phase change in which a crystalline product is obtained from a solution. A solution is a mixture of two or more species that form a homogeneous single phase. Solutions are normally thought of in terms of liquids, but solutions may include solids and even gases. Typically, the term solution has come to mean a liquid solution consisting of a solvent, which is a liquid, and a solute, which is a solid, at the conditions of interest. The term melt is used to describe a material that is solid at normal conditions and is heated until it becomes a molten liquid. Melts may be pure materials, such as molten silicon used for wafers in semiconductors, or they may be mixtures of materials. In that sense, a homogeneous melt with more than one component is also a solution, but it is normally referred to as a melt. A solution can also be gaseous; an example of this is a solution of a solid in a supercritical fluid.

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Chapter
Information
Handbook of Industrial Crystallization , pp. 1 - 31
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

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