The earliest account of sea ice is due to Pytheas, a Greek sailor who encountered it southeast of Iceland in 325 BC (Sturm and Massom, 2010). Later encounters were made by Celtic monks in the northwest North Atlantic in AD 550 and 800 (Weeks, 1998). In the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, whalers and sealers operated in Arctic waters of the North Atlantic, Barents Sea, and Greenland Sea and Scoresby (1820), a whaling captain, published a notable book on ice and ocean conditions in the Greenland Sea.