This chapter analyzes the discussions surrounding the proposed Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of Terrorism at the League of Nations in 1937. While the importance of this convention is often downplayed within the existing scholarship, the debates of the 1930s provide key insight into the origins of terrorism as a legal and political idea rooted in the international context of the interwar period. A closer look at India's role in this convention provides new and important ways of understanding the larger context in which colonial officials framed their ideas about terrorism as a new and particularly dangerous form of global criminality, a ‘world crime’ that threatened not only the governing structures of an existing political regime, but rather the very notion of civilization itself.