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31 - Ocular Inflammation Models

from PART VI - ANIMAL MODELS OF INFLAMMATION

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 April 2014

Karsten Gronert
Affiliation:
University of California
Charles N. Serhan
Affiliation:
Harvard Medical School
Peter A. Ward
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Derek W. Gilroy
Affiliation:
University College London
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

The eye is one of the primary sense organs. This unique organ is composed of highly specialized tissues: an outgrowth of the central nervous system, the retina, on the posterior end and a highly modified transparent skin, the cornea, on the anterior end (Figure 31.1). In the simplest terms, the primary function of the eye is to convert light energy into nerve action potentials. This essential and evolutionarily conserved function directly depends on maintaining (1) the refractive properties of the cornea, lens, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor; (2) formation and reabsorption of fluids that keep intraocular pressure in the fluid-filled eyeball constant; and (3) the function of retinal neurons. The eye, as an organ that faces the external environment, provides a unique opportunity to directly access highly specialized and diverse tissues such as the immune-privileged avascular cornea and the conjunctiva, a mucosal tissue that directs host defense and immune response of the ocular surface. Moreover, since light has to pass through the eye, physiological processes and cells in the anterior (cornea), interior (lens, uvea), and posterior (neural and vascular retinal layers) tissues of the eye (Figure 31.1) can be studied by noninvasive procedures in animals and humans [1 – 7].

The visual axis is a delicate sensory organ that has to maintain an avascular and transparent state in order to preserve ocular function. Hence, in the eye, especially in the cornea and retina, the threat of inflammation is incompatible with good vision.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

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