There are a number of meta-analyses that summarize the literatures for both benzodiazepines (BZs) and benzodiazepine receptor agonists and for cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). The DSM-IV differentiates between primary insomnia, in which the sleep disorder occurs as an isolated condition, and secondary insomnia, in which it occurs in the context of another disorder. In general there are three main types of therapy that can be employed, from a behavioral standpoint, to deal with chronic insomnia: stimulus control, sleep restriction, and sleep hygiene therapies. CBT techniques for insomnia can be challenging for both the client and the practitioner. Insomnia represents one of the more ubiquitous forms of sleep disturbance in psychiatric and medical disorders, and in its primary form. Unfortunately, despite its prevalence and associated negative sequelae, only a small fraction of patients seek out treatment or have access to behavioral sleep medicine specialists.