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17 - Megafans in World Landscapes

Results of a Global Survey

from Part IV - Megafans in World Landscapes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 April 2023

By
M. Justin Wilkinson
Edited by
Justin Wilkinson  and
Yanni Gunnell
Justin Wilkinson
Affiliation:
Texas State University, Jacobs JETS Contract, NASA Johnson Space Center
Yanni Gunnell
Affiliation:
Université Lumière Lyon 2
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Summary

Major morphological characteristics of megafans and the associated drainage networks of multi-megafan landscapes are outlined. Such landscapes differ significantly from well-known erosional landscapes with dendritic drainage in eroded valleys: megafan landscapes display partial cone morphology; longitudinal profiles can be convex, concave or both; interfluves and tributaries are lacking; the fan-forming river behaviour is highly avulsive; fan-margin rivers display three discharge regimes; convergent drainage zones of various types are widespread despite the broad partial-cone morphology; avulsions often occur at subapexes distant from the prime apex; perirheic zones differ significantly from the model developed for valley-confined floodplains. These and other attributes bespeak the complexity that arises as fan-like features increase to megafan proportions. Controls of megafan formation are presented. Megafans are distinguished from small alluvial fans, midsize distributive fluvial systems (DFS) (30–80 km long), valley-confined floodplains, deltas, major avulsive fluvial systems (MAFS), and large accretionary fluvial systems (LAFS) – the latter two relatively new to the geomorphic lexicon. Megafan nesting patterns and several wider continental lowland drainage models that encompass megafans (e.g., central South America) are described. Megafans show striking similarities with attributes of large axial floodplains despite being formed by smaller rivers. Terms with confusing meanings are clarified.

Type
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Fluvial Megafans on Earth and Mars , pp. 339 - 371
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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