Introduction

Many of our protagonists have distinguished, if only implicitly, between two or more kinds of sense-making, in a way that has critically shaped their contribution to the saga. Thus we have witnessed:

• Spinoza’s distinction between his three kinds of knowledge

• Kant’s broad distinction between what I called ‘thick’ sense-making and ‘thin’ sense-making

• Hegel’s distinction between operations of understanding and operations of reason

• the early Wittgenstein’s distinction between propositional sense-making and non-propositional sense-making

• the two variations on that theme in the later Wittgenstein and Dummett

and

• Carnap’s distinction between the making of judgments within a linguistic framework and the adoption of the framework.