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15 - Evolution of Air Breathing and Lung Distribution among Fossil Fishes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 December 2018

By
Camila Cupello ,
Gaël Clément  and
Paulo M. Brito
Edited by
Zerina Johanson ,
Charlie Underwood  and
Martha Richter
Zerina Johanson
Affiliation:
Natural History Museum, London
Charlie Underwood
Affiliation:
Birkbeck, University of London
Martha Richter
Affiliation:
Natural History Museum, London
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Summary

Air-breathing evolved in fishes during the Silurian, prior to the conquest of terrestrial environments, as the first air-breathing groups were still aquatic forms. Among fossil fishes and stem-tetrapods, the air-breathing behaviour was described based on anatomical structures and organs, such as spiracles, skeletal buccal pump components, cranial ribs, well-developed pleural ribs, integumentary dermal skeleton, choanae and calcified lungs. However, due to the rarity of soft tissue preservation in the fossil record, the presence of lungs is mostly described among fossil coelacanths, which present a pulmonary complex covered by ossified lung plates throughout its length. Here, we describe the main differences among fossil coelacanth lungs, review some of the accessory air-breathing structures in fossil fishes and stem-tetrapods and discuss the air-breathing evolution that enabled the rise and development of early vertebrates on the terrestrial environment.

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Evolution and Development of Fishes , pp. 252 - 262
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

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