Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-6bf8c574d5-956mj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-22T09:43:17.840Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part I - The Evolution of Syntax

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 February 2025

Dany Adone
Affiliation:
Universität zu Köln
Astrid Gabel
Affiliation:
Universität zu Köln
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
The Evolution, Acquisition and Development of Syntax
Insights from Creole Languages and Beyond
, pp. 9 - 116
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Aboitiz, F., and García, R. (2009). Merging of phonological and gestural circuits in early language evolution. Reviews in the Neurosciences, 20(1), 7184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/REVNEURO.2009.20.1.71CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arbib, M. A. (2005). From monkey-like action recognition to human language: An evolutionary framework for neurolinguistics. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28(2), 105167. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05000038CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arbib, M. A. (2008). Holophrasis and the protolanguage spectrum. Interaction Studies: Social Behavior and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems, 9(1), 151165.Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (2012). How the Brain Got Language: The Mirror System Hypothesis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (2024). Pantomime within and beyond the evolution of language. In Zywiczynski, P., Blomberg, J., and Boruta-Żywiczyńska, M., (eds.), Perspectives on pantomime: evolution, development, interaction 16–57. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A., and Bickerton, D. (eds.). (2010). The Emergence of Protolanguage: Holophrasis vs compositionality. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arbib, M. A., and Rizzolatti, G. (1997). Neural expectations: A possible evolutionary path from manual skills to language. Communication and Cognition, 29, 393424.Google Scholar
Baker, M. (2001). The Atoms of Language: The Mind’s Hidden Rules of Grammar. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Bakker, P. (2019). Intentional language change and the connection between mixed languages and genderlects. Language Dynamics and Change, 9(2), 135161. https://doi.org/10.1163/22105832-00902001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrès, V. (2017). Schema Architecture for Language-Vision InterActions: A Computational Cognitive Neuroscience Model of Language Use. Los Angeles: University of Southern California.Google Scholar
Berwick, R. C., and Chomsky, N. (2015). Why Only Us: Language and Evolution. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1984). The language bioprogram hypothesis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7, 173221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1995). Language and Human Behavior. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (2008). But how did protolanguage actually start? Interaction Studies, 9(1), 169176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickerton, D. (2009). Adam’s Tongue: How Humans Made Language, How Language Made Humans. New York: Hill & Wang.Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (2014). More than Nature Needs: Language, Mind, and Evolution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/doi:10.4159/9780674728523CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradley, J. (1988). Yanyuwa: “Men speak one way, women speak another.” In Coates, J., (ed.), Language and Gender: A Reader. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, pp. 1320.Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1995). The Minimalist Program. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Chomsky, N., and Lasnik, H. (1993). The Theory of Principles and Parameters. In Jacobs, J., van Stechow, A., Sternefeld, W., and Vennemann, T. (eds.), Syntax: An International Handbook of Contemporary Research, Vol. I. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 506556 (repr. in N. Chomsky (1995), The Minimalist Program. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corballis, M. C. (2018). Mental travels and the cognitive basis of language. Interaction Studies, 19(1–2), 352369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fay, N., Arbib, M., and Garrod, S. (2013). How to bootstrap a human communication system. Cognitive Science, 37(7), 13561367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fay, N., Lister, C. J., Ellison, T. M., and Goldin-Meadow, S. (2014). Creating a communication system from scratch: Gesture beats vocalization hands down. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, Article 354. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4010783/pdf/fpsyg-05-00354.pdfCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fillmore, C. J. (1966). The Case for Case. In Bach, E. and Harms, R. T. (eds.), Universals in Linguistic Theory. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, pp. 188.Google Scholar
Fleming, L. (2012). Gender indexicality in the Native Americas: Contributions to the typology of social indexicality. Language in Society, 41(3), 295320. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404512000267CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fouts, R. S. (1974). Capacities for language in great apes. In Tuttle, R. H. (ed.), Socioecology and Psychology of Primates. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 371390.Google Scholar
Gärdenfors, P., and Högberg, A. (2017). The archaeology of teaching and the evolution of Homo docens. Current Anthropology, 58(2), 188208. https://doi.org/10.1086/691178CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, J. C. (1983). A computational model of language acquisition in the two-year-old. Cognition and Brain Theory, 6, 287317.Google Scholar
Hinzen, W. (2006). Mind Design and Minimal Syntax. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemmerer, D. (2005). Against innate grammatical categories. Behavioral Brain Sciences, www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Arbib-05012002/Supplemental/Google Scholar
Kirton, J. F. (1988). Men’s and women’s dialects. Aboriginal Linguistics, 1, 111125.Google Scholar
Lee, J. Y. (2012). Linking eyes to mouth: A schema-based computational model for describing visual scenes Ph.D. dissertation, Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
MacWhinney, B. (2005). A unified model of language development. In Kroll, J. F. and Groot, A. M. B. D. (eds.), Handbook of Bilingualism: Psycholinguistic Approaches. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 4967.Google Scholar
MacWhinney, B., Kempe, V., Li, P., and Brooks, P. J. (eds.). (2022). Emergentist Approaches to Language. Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/doi:10.3389/978-2-88974-483-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O’Grady, W. (2022). Natural Syntax: An Emergentist Primer. University of Hawaii.Google Scholar
Odling-Smee, F. J., Laland, K. N., and Feldman, M. W. (2003). Niche Construction: The Neglected Process in Evolution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Polich, L. (2005). The Emergence of the Deaf Community in Nicaragua: “With Sign Language You Can Learn So Much.” Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.Google Scholar
Pullum, G. K., & Scholz, B. C. (2002). Empirical assessment of stimulus poverty arguments. The Linguistic Review, 19, 950.Google Scholar
Rose, F. (2015). On male and female speech and more: Categorical gender indexicality in indigenous South American languages. International Journal of American Linguistics, 81(4), 495537. https://doi.org/10.1086/683158CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slocombe, K. E., Waller, B. M., and Liebal, K. (2011). The language void: The need for multimodality in primate communication research. Animal Behaviour, 81(5), 919924. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347211000558CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Squire, L. R. (2004). Memory systems of the brain: A brief history and current perspective. Neurobiol Learn Mem, 82(3), 171177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2004.06.005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Squire, L. R., and Wixted, J. T. (2011). The cognitive neuroscience of human memory since H.M. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 34(1), 259288. https://doi.org/doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-061010-113720CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suddendorf, T., and Corballis, M. C. (2007). The evolution of foresight: What is mental time travel, and is it unique to humans? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 30, 299351.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supalla, T., and Newport, E. L. (1978). How many seats in a chair? The derivation of nouns and verbs in American Sign Language. In Siple, P. (ed.), Understanding Language through Sign Language Research. New York: Academic Press, pp. 91159.Google Scholar
Stout, D., and Chaminade, T. (2012). Stone tools, language and the brain in human evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 367, 7587. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0099CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Terrace, H., Petitto, L., Sanders, R., and Bever, T. (1979). Can an ape create a sentence? Science, 206, 891902.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whiten, A. (2019). Cultural evolution in animals. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 50(1), 2748. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-025040CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wray, A. (1998). Protolanguage as a holistic system for social interaction. Language & Communication, 18, 4767.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wray, A. (2000). Holistic utterances in protolanguage: The link from primates to humans. In Knight, C., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Hurford, J. (eds.), The Evolutionary Emergence of Language: Social Function and the Origins of Linguistic Form. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 285302. doi:https://10.1017/CBO9780511606441.018CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Bauer, L. (2009). IE, Germanic: Danish. In Lieber, R. and Štekauer, P. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Compounding. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 400–16.Google Scholar
Bauer, L. (2017). Compounds and Compounding. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauer, L., Lieber, R. and Plag, I. (eds.). (2013). The Oxford Reference Guide to English Morphology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickerton, D. (2007). Language evolution: a brief guide for linguists. Lingua, 117, 510–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickerton, D. (2009). Adam’s Tongue: How Humans Made Language, How Language Made Humans. New York: Hill and Wang.Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (2014). More than Nature Needs: Language, Mind, and Evolution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borer, H. (2009). Afro-Asiatic, Semitic: Hebrew. In Lieber, R. and Štekauer, P. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Compounding. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 491511.Google Scholar
Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (1992). Current Morphology. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (1999). The Origins of Complex Language: An Inquiry into the Evolutionary Beginnings of Sentences, Syllables and Truth. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2001). ASL ‘syllables’ and language evolution: a response to Uriagereka. Language, 77, 343–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2010). The Evolution of Morphology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2014). Review of Bauer et al. (2013). Morphology, 24, 125–34.Google Scholar
Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2018). An Introduction to English Morphology, 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheney, D. and Seyfarth, R. (1990). How Monkeys See the World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, N. (2004). Beyond explanatory adequacy. In Belletti, A. (ed.), Structures and Beyond: The Cartography of Syntactic Structures, Vol. III. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 104–31.Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. and Halle, M. (1968). The Sound Pattern of English. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Di Sciullo, A. M. and Williams, E. (1987). On the Definition of Word. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Don, J. (2009). IE, Germanic: Dutch. In Lieber, R. and Štekauer, P. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Compounding. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 370–85.Google Scholar
Fradin, B. (2009). IE, Romance: French. In Lieber, R. and Štekauer, P. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Compounding. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 417–35.Google Scholar
Jackendoff, R. (2002). Foundations of Language: Brain, Meaning, Grammar, Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackendoff, R. (2009). Compounding in the parallel architecture and conceptual semantics. In Lieber, R. and Štekauer, P. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Compounding. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 105–28.Google Scholar
Kornfeld, L. M. (2009). IE, Romance: Spanish. In Lieber, R. and Štekauer, P. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Compounding. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 436–52.Google Scholar
Lieber, R. (1983). Argument linking and compounds in English. Linguistic Inquiry, 14, 251–85.Google Scholar
Lieber, R. and Štekauer, P. (eds.). (2009). The Oxford Handbook of Compounding. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Matthews, P. (1991). Morphology, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neef, M. (2009). IE, Germanic: German. In Lieber, R. and Štekauer, P. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Compounding. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 386–99.Google Scholar
Plank, F. (1976). Morphological aspects of nominal compounding in German and certain other languages: what to acquire in language acquisition in case the rules fail? In Drachman, G. (ed.), Akten des 1. Salzburger Kolloquium über Kindersprache: Salzburg vom 6. bis 8. Dez. 1974. Tübingen: Narr, pp. 201–19.Google Scholar
Roeper, T. and Siegel, M. (1978). A lexical transformation for verbal compounds. Linguistic Inquiry, 9, 199260.Google Scholar
Sadock, J. (1998). On the autonomy of compounding morphology. In Lapointe, S. G., Brentari, D. K. and Farrell, P. M. (eds.), Morphology and Its Relation to Phonology and Syntax. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications, pp. 161–87.Google Scholar
Selkirk, E. (1982). The Syntax of Words. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Tallerman, M. (2005). Initial syntax and modern syntax: did the clause evolve from the syllable? In Tallerman, M., ed., Language Origins: Perspectives on Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 133–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uriagereka, J. (2001). Review of Carstairs-McCarthy 1999. Language 77 (2001), 368–73.Google Scholar

References

Aristotle, . De partibus animalium. In Barnes, J. (ed. 1984).Google Scholar
Aristotle, . Historiae animalium. In Barnes, J. (ed. 1984).Google Scholar
Aristotle, . De generationem animalium. In Barnes, J. (ed. 1984).Google Scholar
Baldwin, J. M. (1896). A new factor in evolution. American Naturalist, 30, 441451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, J. (ed.). (1984). The Complete Works of Aristotle: The Revised Oxford Translation. Vols. I and II. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Bates, E. (1974). Language in context: Studies in the acquisition of pragmatics. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago.Google Scholar
Bates, E. (1976). Language in Context: The Acquisition of Pragmatics. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Bates, E. (1978). The emergence of symbols: Ontogeny and phylogeny. Ms. University of Colorado.Google Scholar
Bates, E., Camioni, L. and Volterra, V.. (1975). The acquisition of performatives prior to speech. Merril-Palmer Quarterly, 21(3), 205226.Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1981). Roots of Language. Ann Arbor, MI: Karoma.Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (2005). The origin of language in niche construction. Ms. University of Hawaii at Manoa.Google Scholar
Bloom, L. (1973). One Word at a Time: The Use of Single Word Utterances before Syntax. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Boesch, C. (2002). Cooperative hunting among Tai chimpanzees. Human Nature, 13(1), 2746.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boesch, C. (2005). Joint cooperative hunting among wild chimpanzees: Taking natural observations seriously. Behavior and Brain Science, 28, 692702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boesch, C. and Boesch-Achermann, H.. (2000). The Chimpanzees of Tai Forest: Behavioral Ecology and Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowerman, M. (1973). Early Syntactic Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Carter, A. (1974). Communication in the sensory-motor period. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Cheney, D. and Seyfarth, R.. (1990). How Monkeys See the World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheney, D. and Seyfarth, R. (2007). Baboon Metaphysics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1968). Language and Mind. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World.Google Scholar
Clark, H. and Clark, E.. (1977). Psychology and Language. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Jovanovich.Google Scholar
Creider, C. (1975). Thematization and word-order. LSA Winter meeting, London, Ont.: University of Western Ontario (ms.).Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1859). On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or, The preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Waal, F. (1982). Chimpanzee Politic: Power and Sex among the Apes. London: Unwin/Counterpoint.Google Scholar
de Waal, F. and Lanting, F.. (1997). Bonobo: The Forgotten Ape. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dingwall, W. O. (1979). The evolution of human communication systems. In Whitaker, H. and Whitaker, H. A. (eds.), Studies in Neuro-Linguistics, Vol. IV. New York: Academic Press, pp. 195.Google Scholar
Dore, J. (1975). Holophrases, speech acts and language universals. Journal of Child Language, 2(1), 2140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunbar, R. (1992). Co-evolution of cortex size, group size and language. Brain and Behavior Sciences, 16(4), 681694.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ervin-Tripp, S. (1970). Discourse agreement: How children answer questions. In Hays, J (ed.), Cognition and the Development of Language. New York: Wiley & Sons, pp. 79107.Google Scholar
Fernald, R. D. and White, S. A.. (2000). Social control of brain: From behavior to genes. In Gazzaniga, M. (ed.), The Cognitive Neurosciences, 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 11931208.Google Scholar
Foley, W. (1976). Comparative syntax in Austronesian. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Gell-Mann, M. and Ruhlen, M.. (2011). The origin and evolution of word order. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(42), October 18, 1729017295.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Givón, T. (1977). The drift from VSO to SVO in Biblical Hebrew: The pragmatics of tense-aspect. In Li, C. N. (ed.), Mechanisms of Syntactic Change. Austin: University of Texas Press, pp. 181254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Givón, T. (1979). On Understanding Grammar. New York: Academic Press; rev. ed. (2019). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Givón, T. (1983a). Topic continuity and word-order change in Ute. In Givón, T. (ed.), Topic Continuity in Discourse: A Quantitative Cross-Language Study, TSL No. 3. Amsterdam and New York: John Benjamins, pp. 141214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Givón, T. (1983b). Topic Continuity in Discourse: A Quantitative Cross-Language Study, TSL No. 3. Amsterdam and New York: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Givón, T. (1988). The pragmatics of word-order: Predictability, importance and attention. In Hammond, M., Moravcsik, E. and Wirth, J. (eds.), Studies in Syntactic Typology, TSL No. 17. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 243284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Givón, T. (1989). Mind Code and Context: Essays in Pragmatics. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Givón, T. (1995). Functionalism and Grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Givón, T. (2001). Syntax: An Introduction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Givón, T. (2002). Bio-Linguistics: The Santa Barbara Lectures. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Givón, T. (2005). Context as Other Mind: The Pragmatics of Sociality, Cognition and Communication. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Givón, T. (2009). The Genesis of Syntactic Complexity. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Givón, T. (2017). The Story of Zero. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodall, J. (1965). Chimpanzees of the Gombe Stream reserve. In DeVore, I. (ed.), Primate Behavior: Field Studies of Monkeys and Apes. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. (1977). Ontogeny and Phylogeny. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Haeckel, E. (1874). Die Gastraea-Theorie die phylogenetische Klassifikation der Tierreichen und der Homologie der Keimblätter, Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft, 8, 155.Google Scholar
Hauser, M., Chomsky, N. and Fitch, W. T.. (2002). The faculty of language: What it is, who has it, how did it evolve? Science, 298(5598), 15691579.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hrdy, S. B. (2009). Mothers and Others. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Hyman, L. (1975). The change from SOV to SVO: Evidence from Niger-Congo. In Li, C. N. (ed.), Word Order and Word Order Change. Austin: University of Texas Press, pp. 113147.Google Scholar
Janda, R. (1976). The language of note-taking as a simplified register. Stanford, CA: Stanford University (ms.).Google Scholar
Jay, P. (1965). Field studies. In Schrier, M. A., Harlow, H. F. and Stolnitz, F. (eds.), Behavior of Non-Human Primates. New York: Academic Press, pp. 525591.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klein, R. (1989/1999). The Human Career, 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Lamarck, J.-B. (1809). Philosophie Geologique, ou Exposition des Considerations Relative al’Histoire Naturelle des Animaux. Paris; English translation by H. (1914), The Zoological Philosophy. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Lamendella, J. (1976). Relations between the ontogeny and phylogeny of language: A neorecapitulationist view. In Harnad, S. R., Stelkis, S. D. and Lancaster, J. (eds.), The Origins and Evolution of Language and Speech. New York: New York Academy of Science, pp. 396412.Google Scholar
Lamendella, J. (ms.). The early growth of language and cognition: A neuro-psychological approach. San Jose, CA: San Jose State University.Google Scholar
MacWhinney, B. (1982). Basic syntactic processes. In Kuczaj, S. (ed.), Development, Vol. I: Syntax and Semantics. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 73135.Google Scholar
Mardirussian, G. (1978). The drift from VO to OV in Armenian. Los Angeles, CA: University of California (ms.).Google Scholar
Marlowe, F. W. (2005). Hunter-gatherers and human revolution. Evolutionary Anthropology, 14, 5467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marlowe, F. W. (2010). The Hadza Hunter-Gatherers of Tanzania. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Mayr, E. (1976). Evolution and the Diversity of Life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Menn, L. (1990). Agrammatism in English. In Menn, L. and Obler, L. (eds.), Agrammatic Aphasia. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 117178.Google Scholar
Menn, L. and Obler, L.. (1990). Agrammatic Aphasia (3 vols.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Ochs-Keenan, E. (1974a). Conversational competence in children. Journal of Child Language, 1(2), 163183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ochs-Keenan, E. (1974b). Again and again: The pragmatics of imitation in child language. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Mexico City, November 1974.Google Scholar
Ochs-Keenan, E. (1975a). Making it last: Uses of repetition in children’s discourse. Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 279294.Google Scholar
Ochs-Keenan, E. (1975b). Evolving discourse: The next step. Ms. University of Southern California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Ochs-Keenan, E. and Schieffelin, B.. (1976). Topic as a discourse notion: A study of topic in conversation of children and adults. In Li, C. N. (ed.), Subject and Topic. New York: Academic Press, pp. 335384.Google Scholar
Ochs-Keenan, E., Schieffelin, B. and Platt, M.. (1979). Propositions across utterances and speakers. In Ochs-Keenan, E. and Schieffelin, B. (eds.), Developmental Pragmatics. New York: Academic Press, pp. 251268.Google Scholar
Pepperberg, I. M. (1999). The Alex Studies: Cognitive and Communicative of Grey Parrots. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1952). The Origins of Intelligence in Children. New York: International Universities Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Popper, K. (1934/1959). The Logic of Scientific Discovery. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Rumbaugh, D. M. and Washburn, D. W.. (2003). Intelligence of Apes and Other Rational Beings. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Savage-Rumbaugh, S. and Lewin, R.. (1993). Kanzi: The Ape on the Brink of the Human Mind. New York: Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Savage-Rumbaugh, S., Murphy, S. J., Sevcik, R. A., Brakke, K. E., Williams, S. L. and Rumbaugh, D. L.. (1993). Language Comprehension in Ape and Child (Monographs of the Society of Research in Child Development, 58(34, Serial No. 233).Google Scholar
Schaller, G. B. (1961). The orang-utan in Sarawak. Zoologica, 46(6), 7382.Google Scholar
Schaller, G. B. (1963). The Mountain Gorilla: Ecology and Behavior. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Schaller, G. B. (1965). The behavior of the mountain gorilla. In DeVore, I. (ed.), Primate Behavior: Field Studies of Monkeys and Apes. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, pp. 324367.Google Scholar
Scollon, R. (1974). One child’s language from one to two: The origins of construction. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Hawaii at Manoa.Google Scholar
Scollon, R. (1976). Conversations with a One-Year-Old Child. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slobin, D. (1977). Language change in childhood and history. In Macnamara, J. (ed.), Language Learning and Thought. New York: Academic Press, pp. 185214.Google Scholar
Stockwell, R.P. (1977). Motivations for exbraciation in Old English. In Li, C. N. (ed.), Mechanisms of Syntactic Change. Austin: University of Texas Press, pp. 291315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sugiyama, Y. (1973). The social structure of wild chimpanzees: A review of field studies. In Michael, R. P. and Crook, J. H. (eds.), Comparative Ecology and Behavior of Primates. New York: Academic Press, pp. 375410.Google Scholar
Tomasello, M. (2009). Why We Cooperate. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomasello, M. and Call, J.. (1997). Primate Cognition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tucker, D. M. and Luu, P.. (2012). Cognition and Neural Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Lawick-Goodall, J. (1968). A preliminary report on expressive movements and communication in the Gombe Stream chimpanzees. In Jay, P. C. (ed.), Primate Studies in Adaptability and Variability. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, pp. 313374.Google Scholar
van Lawick-Goodall, J. and van Lawick, H. (1971). Innocent Killers. Boston: Houghton and Mifflin.Google Scholar
Vennemann, T. (1973). Topic, subject and word-order: From SXV to SVX via TVX. In Anderson, J. (ed.), Proceedings of the 1st International Congress on Historical Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 339376.Google Scholar
Waddington, C. H. (1942). Canalization of development and inheritance of acquired characters. Nature, 150, 563565.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waddington, C. H. (1953). Genetic assimilation of an acquired character. Evolution, 7(2), 118126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Werner, H. and Caplan, B.. (1963). Symbol Formation. New York: Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
West-Eberhard, M. J. (2004). Evolution and Developmental Plasticity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Zuberbühler, K. (2000). Referential labeling in Diana monkeys. Animal Behavior, 59(5), 917927.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zuberbühler, K. (2001). A syntactic rule in forest monkey communication. Animal Behavior, 63(2), 293299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Aboh, E., and DeGraff, M. (2017). A null theory of creole formation based on Universal Grammar. In Roberts, I. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Universal Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 401–58.Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (2017). Toward the language-ready brain: Biological evolution and primate comparison. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 24, 142–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, P. (1991). Causes and effects. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 6, 267–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, P. (1995). Motivation in creole genesis. In Baker, P. (ed.), From Contact to Creole and Beyond. London: University of Westminster Press, pp. 315.Google Scholar
Baker, P. (1997). Directionality in pidginization and creolization. In Spears, A. and Winford, D. (eds.), The Structure and Status of Pidgins and Creoles. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 91109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, P. (2009). Productive bimorphemic structures and the concept of gradual creolization. In Selbach, R., Cardoso, H. C., and van den Berg, M. (eds.), Gradual Creolization: Studies Celebrating Jacques Arends. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 2753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakker, P. (2003). Pidgin inflectional morphology and its implications for creole morphology. In Booij, G. and van Marle, J. (eds.), Yearbook of Morphology 2002. Dordrecht: Kluwer, pp. 333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benazzo, S. (2009). The emergence of temporality: From restricted linguistic systems to early human language. In Botha, R. P. and de Swart, H. (eds.), Language Evolution: The View from Restricted Linguistic Systems. Utrecht: LOT, pp. 2157.Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1979). Beginnings. In Hill, K. C. (ed.), The Genesis of Language. Ann Arbor: Karoma, pp. 122.Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1981). Roots of Language. Ann Arbor: Karoma.Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1984). The language bioprogram hypothesis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7, 173–88, 212–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1988). Creole languages and the bioprogram. In Newmeyer, F. J. (ed.), Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey, Vol. II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 268–84.Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1989). The lexical learning hypothesis and the pidgin-creole cycle. In Pütz, M. and Dirven, R. (eds.), Wheels within Wheels: Papers of the Duisburg Symposium on Pidgin and Creole Languages. Frankfurt a. Main: Peter Lang, pp. 1131.Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1990). Language & Species. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1991). On the supposed “gradualness” of creole development. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 6, 2558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1995). Language and Human Behavior. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1998). Catastrophic evolution: The case for a single step from protolanguage to full human language. In Hurford, J. R., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Knight, C., (eds.), Approaches to the Evolution of Language: Social and Cognitive Bases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 341–58.Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1999). How to acquire language without positive evidence: What acquisitionists can learn from creoles. In DeGraff, M. (ed.), Language Creation and Language Change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 4974.Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (2004). Reconsidering Creole exceptionalism. Language, 80, 828–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickerton, D.. (2006). Creoles, capitalism, and colonialism. In Clements, J. C., Klingler, T. A., Piston-Hatlen, D., and Rottet, K. J. (eds.), History, Society and Variation: In Honor of Albert Valdman. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 137–52.Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (2007). Language evolution: A brief guide for linguists. Lingua, 117, 510–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickerton, D. (2008). Bastard Tongues: A Trailblazing Linguist Finds Clues to Our Common Humanity in the World’s Lowliest Languages. New York: Hill and Wang.Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (2009). Adam’s Tongue: How Humans Made Language, How Language Made Humans. New York: Hill and Wang.Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (2010). On two incompatible theories of language evolution. In Larson, R. K., Déprez, V., and Yamakido, H. (eds.), The Evolution of Human Language: Biolinguistic Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 199210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickerton, D. (2012). The origins of syntactic language. In Tallerman, M. and Gibson, K. R. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Language Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 456–68.Google Scholar
Bickerton, D.. (2014). More than Nature Needs: Language, Mind, and Evolution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickerton, D. (2016). Preface to the 2016 edition. Roots of Language. Berlin: Language Science Press.Google Scholar
Botha, R. P. (2009). Theoretical underpinnings of inferences about language evolution: The syntax used at Blombos Cave. In Botha, R. and Knight, C. (eds.), The Cradle of Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 93111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Botha, R. P. (2016). Language Evolution: The Windows Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Botha, R. P., and de Swart, H. (eds.). (2009). Language Evolution: The View from Restricted Linguistic Systems. Utrecht: LOT.Google Scholar
Calvin, W. H., and Bickerton, D. (2000). Lingua ex machina: Reconciling Darwin and Chomsky with the Human Brain. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2012). The evolutionary relevance of more and less complex forms of language. In Tallerman, and Gibson, (eds.), pp. 469–78.Google Scholar
Chater, N., and Christiansen, M. H. (2012). A solution to the logical problem of language evolution: Language as an adaptation to the human brain. In Tallerman, M. and Gibson, K. R. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Language Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 626–39.Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (2000). Minimalist inquiries: The framework. In Martin, R., Michaels, D., and Uriagereka, J. (eds.), Step by Step: Essays on Minimalist Syntax in Honor of Howard Lasnik. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 89155.Google Scholar
Clements, J. C. (2019). Speech communities, language varieties, and typology: Acquisition and the building of pronominal systems. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 34, 148–61.Google Scholar
Comrie, B. (2000). From potential to realization: An episode in the origin of language. Linguistics, 38, 9891004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeGraff, M. (ed.). (1999). Language Creation and Language Change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
DeGraff, M. (2003). Against Creole exceptionalism. Language, 79, 391410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeGraff, M. (2004). Against Creole exceptionalism (redux). Language, 80, 834–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeGraff, M. (2005). Linguists’ most dangerous myth: The fallacy of Creole exceptionalism. Language in Society, 34, 533–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeGraff, M. (2020). Toward racial justice in linguistics: The case of Creole studies. Language, 96, e292e306. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2020.0080CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drechsel, E. J. (2019). In memory of Derek Bickerton (1926–2018). Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 34, 185–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitch, W. T. (2010). The Evolution of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fitch, W. T. (2017). Empirical approaches to the study of language evolution. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 24, 333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Givón, T. (2009). The Genesis of Syntactic Complexity: Diachrony, Ontogeny, Neuro-Cognition, Evolution. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Givón, T. (2018). On Understanding Grammar, rev. ed. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hazaël-Massieux, M.-C. (2009). Change in the possessive system of French Caribbean Creole languages. In Selbach, R., Cardoso, H. C., and van den Berg, M. (eds.), Gradual Creolization: Studies Celebrating Jacques Arends. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 113–28.Google Scholar
Heine, B., and Kuteva, T. (2007). The Genesis of Grammar: A Reconstruction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holm, J. A. (1988). Pidgins and Creoles, Vol. I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hurford, J. R. (2015). Review of Bickerton (2014). Language, 91, 485–88.Google Scholar
Jackendoff, R. (1999). Possible stages in the evolution of the language capacity. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3, 272–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jackendoff, R. (2002). Foundations of Language: Brain, Meaning, Grammar, Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johansson, S. (2005). Origins of Language: Constraints and Hypotheses. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kihm, A. (2002). Langues créoles et origine du langage: État de la question. Langages, 36, 5969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kouwenberg, S., and Singler, J. V. (eds.). (2008). The Handbook of Pidgin and Creole Studies. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lefebvre, C. (2013). On the relevance of pidgins and creoles in the debate on the origins of language. In Lefebvre, C., Comrie, B., and Cohen, H. (eds.), New Perspectives on the Origins of Language, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 441–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lightfoot, D. (2006). How New Languages Emerge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McWhorter, J. H. (2005). Defining Creole. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mithen, S. (2009). Holistic communication and the co-evolution of language and music: Resurrecting an old idea. In Botha, R. and Knight, C. (eds.), The Prehistory of Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 5876.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mufwene, S. S. (1991). Language genesis and human evolution. Diachronica, 8, 239–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mufwene, S. S. (2002). Competition and selection in language evolution. Selection, 3, 4556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mufwene, S. S. (2008). What do creoles and pidgins tell us about the evolution of language? In Laks, B., Cleuziou, S., Demoule, J.-P., and Encrevé, P. (eds.), Origin and Evolution of Languages: Approaches, Models, Paradigms. London: Equinox, pp. 272–97.Google Scholar
Mufwene, S. S. (2015). The emergence of creoles and language change. In Bonvillain, N. (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Linguistic Anthropology. London: Routledge, pp. 348–65.Google Scholar
Mühlhäusler, P. (1997). Pidgin and Creole Linguistics, 2nd ed. London: University of Westminster Press.Google Scholar
Muysken, P. (1988). Are creoles a special type of language? In Newmeyer, F. J. (ed.), Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey, Vol. II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 285301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newmeyer, F. J. (ed.). (1988). Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey, Vol. II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pinker, S. (2003). Language as an adaptation to the cognitive niche. In Christiansen, M. H and Kirby, S. (eds.), Language Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 1637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberge, P. T. (2009). The creation of pidgins as a possible window on language evolution. In Botha, R. P. and de Swart, H. (eds.), Language Evolution: The View from Restricted Linguistic Systems. Utrecht: LOT, pp. 101–37.Google Scholar
Roberge, P. T. (2012). Pidgins, creoles, and the creation of language. In Tallerman, M. and Gibson, K. R. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Language Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 537–44.Google Scholar
Roberts, S. J. (2000). Nativization and the genesis of Hawaiian Creole. In McWhorter, J. (ed.), Language Change and Language Contact in Pidgins and Creoles. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 257300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Selbach, R., Cardoso, H. C., and van den Berg, M. (eds.). (2009). Gradual Creolization: Studies Celebrating Jacques Arends. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singler, J. V. (2008). The sociohistorical context of creole genesis. In Kouwenberg, S. and Singler, J. V. (eds.), The Handbook of Pidgin and Creole Studies. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 332–58.Google Scholar
Slobin, D. I. (2002). Language evolution, acquisition and diachrony: Probing the parallels. In Givón, T. and Malle, B. F. (eds.), The Evolution of Language out of Pre-language. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 375–92.Google Scholar
Tallerman, M. (2012). Protolanguage. In Tallerman, M. and Gibson, K. R. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Language Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 479–91.Google Scholar
Tallerman, M., and Gibson, K. R. (eds.). (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Language Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Veenstra, T. (2008). Creole genesis: The impact of the Language Bioprogram Hypothesis. In Kouwenberg, S. and Singler, J. V. (eds.), The Handbook of Pidgin and Creole Studies. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 219–41.Google Scholar
Velupillai, V. (2015). Pidgins, Creoles and Mixed Languages: An Introduction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Adone, Dany. (1994). The Aquisition of Mauritian Creole. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adone, Dany (2012). The Acquisition of Creole Languages: How Children Surpass Their Input. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderwald, Lieselotte. (2005). Negative concord in British English dialects. In Iveiri, Y. (ed.), Aspects of English Negation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 113–37.Google Scholar
Bartens, Angela. (2013). San Andres Creole English structure dataset. In Michaelis, S., Maurer, P., Haspelmath, M. & Huber, M. (eds.), Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures Online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. http://apics-online.info/contributions/10 (accessed on 2021-12-27.)Google Scholar
Bates, Elizabeth. (1984). Bioprograms and the innateness hypothesis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7, 188–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bellugi, Ursula. (1967). The acquisition of the system of negation in children’s speech. Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Bickerton, Derek. (1981). Roots of Language. Ann Arbor, MI: Karoma Publishers.Google Scholar
Bickerton, Derek (1984). The language bioprogram hypothesis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7, 173221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickerton, Derek (2008). Bastard Tongues. New York: Hill and Wang.Google Scholar
Bickerton, Derek (2014). More than Nature Needs: Language, Mind and evolution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, Ina & Schlesewsky, Matthias. (2009). The role of prominence information in the real-time comprehension of transitive constructions: A cross-linguistic approach. Language and Linguistics Compass, 3, 1958.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chien, Yu-Chin & Wexler, Kenneth. (1990). Children’s knowledge of locality conditions in binding as evidence for the modularity of syntax and pragmatics. Language Acquisition, 1, 225–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. (2000). New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clackson, K., Felser, C. & Clahsen, H. (2011). Children’s processing of reflexives and pronouns in English: Evidence from eye-movements during listening. Journal of Memory and Language, 65(2), 128–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2011.04.007CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohn, Neil & Paczynski, Martin. (2013). Prediction, events, and the advantage of agents: the processing of semantic roles in visual narrative. Cognitive Psychology, 67, 7397.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conroy, Anastasia, Takahashi, Eri, Lidz, Jeffrey & Phillips, Colin. (2009). Equal treatment for all antecedents: How children succeed with Principle B. Linguistic Inquiry, 40, 446–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cunnings, I., Patterson, C. & Felser, C.. (2014). Variable binding and coreference in sentence comprehension: Evidence from eye movements. Journal of Memory and Language, 71(1), 3956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2013.10.001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeGraff, Michel. (2003). Against creole exceptionalism. Language, 79, 391410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeGraff, Michel (2009). Language acquisition in creolization and, thus, language change: Some Cartesian-uniformitarian boundary conditions. Language and Linguistic Compass, 3/4, 888971.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Déprez, Viviane. (2017). What is strict negative concord? Lessons from French-based creoles. In Ziegler, D. & Bao, Z. (eds.), Negation and Contact: With Special Focus on Singapore English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 81114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Déprez, Viviane & Henri, Fabiola. (2018a). Conclusions. In Déprez, V. & Henri, F. (eds.), Negative Concord: The View from Creoles. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 313–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Déprez, Viviane & Henri, Fabiola (2018b). Introduction. In Déprez, V. & Henri, F. (eds.), Negative Concord: The View from Creoles. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swart, De, Henriette, & Ivan Sag. (2002). Negation and negative concord in Romance. Linguistics and Philosophy, 25, 373417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Falk, Yehuda. (2006). Subjects and Universal Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fattier, Dominique. (1998). Contribution à l’étude de la genèse d’un créole: l’Atlas linguistique d’Haïti, cartes et commentaires, 6 vols. Ph.D. dissertation, Université de Provence, Presses universitaires du Septentrion.Google Scholar
Fischer, Olga, van Kemenade, Ans, Koopman, Willem & Wim van der Wurff. (2001). The Syntax of Early English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giannakidou, Anastasia & Zeijlstra, Heddie. (2017). The landscape of negative dependencies: Negative concord and n-words. In Everaert, M. & van Riemstijk, H. (eds.), The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Syntax, 2nd ed. Boston: Wiley.Google Scholar
Greenfield, William. (1830). A Defence of the Surinam Negro-English Version of the New Testament. London: Samuel Bagster.Google Scholar
Guasti, Maria Teresa. (2002). Language Acquisition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Haspelmath, Martin & the APiCS Consortium. (2013a). Negation and indefinite pronouns. In Michaelis, S., Maurer, P., Haspelmath, M. & Huber, M. (eds.), The Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures, chapter 102. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://apics-online.info/parameters/102#3/12.77/34.08Google Scholar
Haspelmath, Martin & the APiCS Consortium, (2013b). Reflexive constructions. In Michaelis, S., Maurer, P., Haspelmath, M. & Huber, M. (eds.), The Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures, chapter 87. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://apics-online.info/parameters/87#2/13.8/5.0Google Scholar
Hawkins, John. (2004). Efficiency and Complexity in Grammars. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkins, John (2014). Cross-Linguistic Variation and Efficiency. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hein, Johannes, Cory Bill, Imke Driemel, Aurore Gonzalez, Ivona Ilić & Paloma Jeretič. 2022. Negative concord in the acquisition of English and German: Some results from a corpus study. Proceedings of the Chicago Linguistic Society 58. Available at: https://www.johannes-hein.de/documents/CLS58Proceedingspaper.pdf. Google Scholar
Horn, Laurence. (2011). Introduction. In Horn, L. (ed.), The Expression of Negation. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, pp. 17.Google Scholar
Huang, Yan. (2000). Anaphora. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jespersen, Otto. (1933). Essentials of English Grammar. London: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Kemmerer, David. (2012). The cross-linguistic prevalence of SOV and SVO word orders reflects the sequential and hierarchical representation of action in Broca’s area. Language and Linguistics Compass, 6, 5066.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kouwenberg, Silvia. (2013). Papiamentu structure dataset. In Michaelis, S., Maurer, P., Haspelmath, M. & Huber, M. (eds.) Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures Online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. http://apics-online.info/contributions/47Google Scholar
MacWhinney, Brian, Malchukov, Andrej & Moravcsik, Edith (eds.). (2014). Competing Motivations in Grammar and Usage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moscati, Vincenzo. (2020). Children (and some adults) overgeneralize negative concord: The case of fragment answers to negative questions in Italian. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics, 26, 169–78.Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko. (2008). Language Evolution: Contact, Competition and Change. London: Continuum.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muysken, Pieter & Smith, Norval. (2011). Reflexives in the creole languages: An interim report. In Adone, D. & Plag, I. (eds.), Creolization and Language Change. Tübingen: Niemeyer, pp. 4564Google Scholar
O’Grady, William. (2005). Syntactic Carpentry: An Emergentist Approach to Syntax. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Grady, William (2015). Anaphora and the case for emergentism. In MacWhinney, B. & O’Grady, W. (eds.), The Handbook of Language Emergence. Boston: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 100–22.Google Scholar
O’Grady, William (2022). Natural Syntax: An Emergentist Primer. 3rd ed. http://ling.hawaii.edu/william-ogrady/ and researchgate.net.Google Scholar
Orita, Naho, Oho, Hajime, Feldman, Naomi & Lidz, Jeffrey. (2021). Japanese children’s knowledge of the locality of zibun and kare. Language Acquisition, 28, 327343. https://doi.org/10.1080/10489223.2021.1899181CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollard, Carl & Sag, Ivan. (1992). Anaphors in English and the scope of binding theory. Linguistic Inquiry, 23, 261303.Google Scholar
Robinson, Mary & Thoms, Gary. (2021). On the syntax of English variable negative concord. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics, 27(1), Article 24, 195–204.Google Scholar
Sag, Ivan & Wasow, Thomas. (1999). Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction. Stanford, CA: Center for the Study of Language and Information.Google Scholar
Smith, Ian. (1974–75). Unpublished field notes from Batticaloa, 1973–1974.Google Scholar
Thornton, Rosalind, Notley, Anna, Moscati, Vincenzo & Crain, Stephen. (2016). Two negations for the price of one. Glossa, 1(1), Article 45, 1–30, http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.Google Scholar
Unilang. No date. Papiamentu for beginners. https://unilang.org/course.php?res=73Google Scholar
Auwera, van der, Johan, Lauren Van Alsenoy, . (2016). On the typology of negative concord. Studies in Language, 40, 473512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rij, Van, Jacolien, Hedderik van Rijn & Hendriks, Petra. (2010). Cognitive architectures and language acquisition: A case study in pronoun comprehension. Journal of Child Language, 37, 731–66.Google ScholarPubMed
Williams, Joseph. (1975). Origins of the English Language: A Social and Linguistic History. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Zeijlstra, Hedde. (2004). Sentential negation and negative concord. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Zeijlstra, Hedde (2016). Negation and negative dependencies. Annual Review of Linguistics, 2, 233254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, Peng, Crain, Stephen & Thornton, Rosalind. (2014). Children’s knowledge of double negative structures in Mandarin Chinese. Journal of East Asian Linguistics, 23, 333–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×