This chapter focuses on a general overview of the development of energy and climate policy within EU and CEE and thus provides basis for further discussion on the trade-off between these two policies within the book. It outlines the energy and climate objectives of the region and the EU, and policies developed to achieve these, as well as trends and statistics demonstrating progress towards these. As both policies are crucial for the transition towards a decarbonised economy, this empirical chapter paves the way for further analysis in the book and provides a general overview of the situation within the EU and the CEE region whilst embedding them in the context of global energy transitions.