China and India have behaved very similarly in terms of address energy insecurity and climate change in spite of their widely different domestic attributes. Both countries’ energy policies, domestic and international, have contributed to global energy security. Both countries have had to alter the trajectory of their proactive energy and climate diplomacy in reaction to external pressures from state and non-state actors based on both countries’ rational calculations of cost and benefit, and both countries have shifted away from free-riding to burden sharing in global energy and climate governance. Two-level pressures analytical framework has supplemented Putnam’s two-level games and Neoclassical Realism, which is applicable to China and India’s behaviors in other policy issue-areas that entail global public goods (or bads) as well as to other emerging powers’ energy and climate policies. China and India’s proactive and reactive energy and climate policies, domestic and international, suggest that both countries will rise peacefully in the international system.