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1 - Western language ideologies and small-language prospects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

Nancy C. Dorian
Affiliation:
Bryn Mawr College
Lenore A. Grenoble
Affiliation:
Dartmouth College, New Hampshire
Lindsay J. Whaley
Affiliation:
Dartmouth College, New Hampshire
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Summary

It might be said with a certain metaphoric license that languages are seldom admired to death but are frequently despised to death. That is, it's relatively rare for a language to become so exclusively tied to prestigious persons and high-prestige behaviors that ordinary people become too much in awe of it to use it or are prevented by language custodians from doing so. By contrast, it's fairly common for a language to become so exclusively associated with low-prestige people and their socially disfavored identities that its own potential speakers prefer to distance themselves from it and adopt some other language. Parents in these circumstances will make a conscious or unconscious decision not to transmit the ancestral language to their children, and yet another language will be lost. The power of the social forces involved is evidently considerable, since under better circumstances attachment to an ancestral mother tongue is usually strong. The phenomenon of ancestral-language abandonment is worth looking at, then, precisely because a good many people, especially those who speak unthreatened languages, are likely to have trouble imagining that they themselves could ever be brought to the point of giving up on their own ancestral language and encouraging their children to use some other language instead.

Unless they become fossilized so that they persist in specialized uses without ordinary speakers, as sometimes happens in connection with religious practices (Latin, Sanskrit, Coptic Egyptian, Ge'ez, etc.), languages have the standing that their speakers have.

Type
Chapter
Information
Endangered Languages
Language Loss and Community Response
, pp. 3 - 21
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1998

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