Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T09:07:35.006Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 7 - Youth and Beauty

Age-Based Trait Impressions from Faces

from Part III - Impact of Aging Cues on First Impressions and Emotion Communication

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2023

Ursula Hess
Affiliation:
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Reginald B. Adams, Jr.
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
Robert E. Kleck
Affiliation:
Dartmouth College, New Hampshire
Get access

Summary

We form impressions of strangers rapidly, readily and without needing to be prompted. Impressions created by facial cues are particularly pervasive, affecting society and the economy in a myriad of ways. This chapter will consider the role of age-related facial cues in forming impressions, by drawing on data-driven modelling of impressions of naturalistic faces. To achieve a broad perspective, we take a lifespan approach to evaluate how apparent age contributes to impression formation. Future research should focus on developing large-scale longitudinal and diverse databases of face images.

Type
Chapter
Information
Emotion Communication by the Aging Face and Body
A Multidisciplinary View
, pp. 171 - 196
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Åberg, E., Kukkonen, I., & Sarpila, O. (2020). From double to triple standards of ageing. Perceptions of physical appearance at the intersections of age, gender and class. Journal of Aging Studies, 55, 100876.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, G. R., & Huston, T. L. (1975). Social perception of middle-aged persons varying in physical attractiveness. Developmental Psychology, 11(5), 657658.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bainbridge, W. A., Isola, P., Blank, I., & Oliva, A. (2012). Establishing a database for studying human face photograph memory. Proceedings from the 34th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 13021307.Google Scholar
Belsky, D. W., Caspi, A., Houts, R., et al. (2015). Quantification of biological aging in young adults. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(30), E4104E4110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berman, P. W., O’Nan, B. A., & Floyd, W. (1981). The double standard of aging and the social situation: Judgments of attractiveness of the middle-aged woman. Sex Roles, 7(2), 8796.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berry, D. S., & McArthur, L. Z. (1986). Perceiving character in faces: The impact of age-related craniofacial changes on social perception. Psychological Bulletin, 100(1), 318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boothroyd, L. G., Meins, E., Vukovic, J., & Burt, D. M. (2014). Developmental changes in children’s facial preferences. Evolution and Human Behavior, 35(5), 376383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boshyan, J., Zebrowitz, L. A., Franklin, R. G. Jr., McCormick, C. M., & Carre, J. M. (2013). Age similarities in recognizing threat from faces and diagnostic cues. Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 69(5), 710718.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bruce, V., & Young, A. W. (2012). Face perception. London: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Burt, D. M., & Perrett, D. I. (1995). Perception of age in adult Caucasian male faces: Computer graphic manipulation of shape and colour information. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 259(1355), 137143.Google ScholarPubMed
Castle, E., Eisenberger, N. I., Seeman, T. E., et al. (2012). Neural and behavioral bases of age differences in perceptions of trust. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(51), 2084820852.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chan, W., McCrae, R. R., De, Fruyt, F., et al. (2012). Stereotypes of age differences in personality traits: Universal and accurate? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(6), 10501066.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chang, L. J., Doll, B. B., van’t Wout, M., Frank, M. J., & Sanfey, A. G. (2010). Seeing is believing: Trustworthiness as a dynamic belief. Cognitive Psychology, 61(2), 87105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chung, C., & Lin, Z. (2012). A cross-cultural examination of the positivity effect in memory: United States vs. China. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 75(1), 3144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collova, J. R., Sutherland, C. A. M., & Rhodes, G. (2019). Testing the functional basis of first impressions: Dimensions for children’s faces are not the same as for adults’ faces. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 117(5), 900924.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, P. A., Geldart, S. S., Mondloch, C. J., & Maurer, D. (2006). Developmental changes in perceptions of attractiveness: A role of experience? Developmental Science, 9(5), 530543.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cross, J. F., & Cross, J. (1971). Age, sex, race, and the perception of facial beauty. Developmental Psychology, 5(3), 433439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cuddy, A. J. C., Fiske, S. T., Kwan, V. S. Y., et al. (2009). Stereotype content model across cultures: Towards universal similarities and some differences. British Journal of Social Psychology, 48(1), 133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cuddy, A. J. C., Norton, M. I., & Fiske, S. T. (2005). This old stereotype: The pervasiveness and persistence of the elderly stereotype. Journal of Social Issues, 61(2), 267285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dai, M., & Robbins, R. (2021). Exploring the influences of profile perceptions and different pick-up lines on dating outcomes on tinder: An online experiment. Computers in Human Behavior, 117, 106667.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deuisch, F. M., Zalenski, C. M., & Clark, M. E. (1986). Is there a double standard of aging? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 16(9), 771785.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dobs, K., Isik, L., Pantazis, D., & Kanwisher, N. (2019). How face perception unfolds over time. Nature Communications, 10, 1258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ebner, N. C. (2008). Age of face matters: Age-group differences in ratings of young and old faces. Behavior Research Methods, 40(1), 130136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enlow, D. H. (1982). The handbook of facial growth (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders Company.Google Scholar
Fleck, R. K. & Hanssen, F. A. (2016). Persistence and change in age-specific gender gaps: Hollywood actors from the silent era onward. International Review of Law and Economics, 48, 3649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fletcher, G. J. O., Kerr, P. S. G., Li, N. P., & Valentine, K. A. (2014). Predicting romantic interest and decisions in the very early stages of mate selection: Standards, accuracy, and sex differences. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40, 540550.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fletcher, G. J. O., Simpson, J. A., Thomas, G., & Giles, L. (1999). Ideals in intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(1), 7289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foo, Y. Z., Sutherland, C. A. M., Burton, N. S., Nakagawa, S., & Rhodes, G. (2022). Accuracy in facial trustworthiness impressions: Kernel of truth, or modern physiognomy? A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 48, 15801596.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gordon, J. K., & Jordan, L. M. (2017). Older is wiser? It depends who you ask … and how you ask. Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition. Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition, 24(1), 94114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greep, M. (2021, March 25). Experts reveal how beauty trends have changed over the last 100 years. Mail Online.Google Scholar
Harwood, J., Giles, H., McCann, R. M., et al. (2001). Older adults’ trait ratings of three age-groups around the Pacific rim. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 16(2), 157171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harwood, J., Giles, H., Ota, H., et al. (1996). College students’ trait ratings of three age groups around the Pacific Rim. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 11(4), 307317.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hehman, E. A., Sutherland, C. A. M., Flake, J. K., & Slepian, M. L. (2017). The unique contributions of perceiver and target characteristics in person perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113(4), 513529.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henss, R. (1991). Perceiving age and attractiveness in facial photographs. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 21(11), 933946.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hönekopp, J. (2006). Once more: Is beauty in the eye of the beholder? Relative contributions of private and shared taste to judgments of facial attractiveness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32(2), 199209.Google ScholarPubMed
Hooper, J. J., Sutherland, C. A. M., Ewing, L., et al. (2019). Should I trust you? Autistic traits predict reduced appearance-based trust decisions. British Journal of Psychology, 110(4), 617634.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huang, G. B., Ramesh, M., Berg, T., & Learned-Miller, E. (2007). Labeled Faces in the Wild: A Database for Studying Face Recognition in Unconstrained Environments. University of Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Imai, T., & Okami, K. (2019). Facial cues to age perception using three-dimensional analysis. PLoS ONE, 14(2), e0209639.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jaeger, B., Todorov, A. T., Evans, A. M., & van Beest, I. (2020). Can we reduce facial biases? Persistent effects of facial trustworthiness on sentencing decisions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 90, 104004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, R., White, D., Van Montfort, X., & Burton, A. M. (2011). Variability in photos of the same face. Cognition, 121, 313323.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johansson-Stenman, O. (2008). Who are the trustworthy, we think? Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 68(3–4), 456465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, B. C., Debruine, L., Flake, J. K., et al. (2021). To which world regions does the valence–dominance model of social perception apply? Nature Human Behaviour, 5, 159169.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kamatani, M., Ito, M., Miyazaki, Y., & Kawahara, J. I. (2021). Effects of masks worn to protect against COVID-19 on the perception of facial attractiveness. I-Perception, 12(3), 114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kline, P. (1994). An easy guide to factor analysis. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Langlois, J. H., Roggman, L. A., Casey, R. J., et al. (1987). Infant preferences for attractive faces: Rudiments of a stereotype? Developmental Psychology, 23(3), 363369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lickliter, R., & Honeycutt, H. (2003). Developmental dynamics: Toward a biologically plausible evolutionary psychology. Psychological Bulletin, 129(6), 819835.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, C., Keleş, Ü., & Adolphs, R. (2021). Four dimensions characterize comprehensive trait judgments of faces. Nature Communications, 12, 5168.Google Scholar
LoBue, V., & Thrasher, C. (2015). The Child Affective Facial Expression (CAFE) set: Validity and reliability from untrained adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1523.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mark, L., & Todd, J. T. (1983). The perception of growth in three dimensions. Perception & Psychophysics, 33, 193196.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mayes, A. E., et al. (2010). Ageing appearance in China: Biophysical profile of facial skin and its relationship to perceived age. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 24(3), 341348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McArthur, L. Z., & Apatow, K. (1983). Impression of babyfaced adults. Social Cognition, 2, 315342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCurrie, M., Beletti, F., Parzianello, L., et al. (2017). Predicting first impressions with deep learning. Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, FG 2017, 518525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mileva, M., Young, A. W., Kramer, R. S. S., & Burton, A. M. (2019). Understanding facial impressions between and within identities. Cognition, 190, 184198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Minear, M., & Park, D. (2004). A lifespan database of adult facial stimuli. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers: A Journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc, 36, 630633.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mueller, U., & Mazur, A. (1996). Facial dominance of West Point cadets as a predictor of later military rank. Social Forces, 74(3), 823850.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oh, D., Buck, E. W., & Todorov, A. T. (2019). Revealing hidden gender biases in competence impressions of faces. Psychological Science, 30(1), 6579.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oh, D., Dotsch, R., Porter, J., & Todorov, A. T. (2020). Gender biases in impressions from faces: Empirical studies and computational models. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 149(2), 323342.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olivola, C. Y., Funk, F., & Todorov, A. (2014). Social attributions from faces bias human choices. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(11), 566570.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olivola, C. Y., & Todorov, A. (2010). Fooled by first impressions? Reexamining the diagnostic value of appearance-based inferences. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(2), 315324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oosterhof, N. N., & Todorov, A. (2008). The functional basis of face evaluation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105(32), 1108711092.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oosterhof, N. N., & Todorov, A. (2009). Shared perceptual basis of emotional expressions and trustworthiness impressions from faces. Emotion, 9(1), 128133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Opinion | Clare Boothe Luce Said It at the Waldorf. (1989, February 18). The New York Times. www.nytimes.com/1989/02/18/opinion/l-clare-boothe-luce-said-it-at-the-waldorf-419789.htmlGoogle Scholar
Othmani, A., Taleb, A. R., Abdelkawy, H., & Hadid, A. (2020). Age estimation from faces using deep learning: A comparative analysis. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 196, 102961.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parde, C. J., Hu, S., Castillo, C., Sankaranarayanan, S., & O’Toole, A. J. (2019). Social trait information in deep convolutional neural networks trained for face identification. Cognitive Science, 43(6), e12729.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peterson, J. C., Uddenberg, U., Griffiths, T. L., Todorov, A., & Suchow, J. W. (2022). Deep models of superficial trait inferences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(17) e2115228119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pittenger, J. B., & Shaw, R. E. (1975). Aging faces as viscal-elastic events: Implications for a theory of nonrigid shape perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1(4), 374382.Google ScholarPubMed
Porcheron, A., Mauger, E., & Russell, R. (2013). Aspects of facial contrast decrease with age and are cues for age perception. PLoS ONE, 8(3), e57985.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pyrkov, T. V., et al. (2018). Extracting biological age from biomedical data via deep learning: Too much of a good thing? Scientific Reports, 8(1), 5210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Quinn, P. C., Kelly, D. J., Lee, K., Pascalis, O., & Slater, A. M. (2008). Preference for attractive faces in human infants extends beyond conspecifics. Developmental Science, 11(1), 7683.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rhodes, G. (2006). The evolutionary psychology of facial beauty. Annual Review of Psychology, 57(1), 199226.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenberg, S., Nelson, C., & Vivekananthan, P. S. (1968). A multidimensional approach to the structure of personality impressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9(4), 283294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruffman, T., Sullivan, S., & Edge, N. (2006). Differences in the way older and younger adults rate threat in faces but not situations. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 61(4), P187194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rule, N. O., & Ambady, N. (2009). She’s got the look: Inferences from female chief executive officers’ faces predict their success. Sex Roles, 61(9–10), 644652.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, R., Batres, C., Courrèges, S., et al. (2019). Differential effects of makeup on perceived age. British Journal of Psychology, 110(1), 87100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, I. M., Clark, A. P., Josephson, S. C., et al. (2014). Human preferences for sexually dimorphic faces may be evolutionarily novel. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(40), 1438814393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Secord, P. F. (1958). Facial features and inference processes in interpersonal perception. In Tagiuri, R. & Petrullo, L. (eds.), Person perception and interpersonal behavior. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Slater, A., Von der Schulenburg, C., Brown, E., et al. (1998). Newborn infants prefer attractive faces. Infant Behavior & Development, 21(2), 345354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Song, A., Linjie, L., Atalla, C., & Cottrell, G. W. (2017). Learning to see people like people: Predicting social impressions of faces. ArXiv:1705.04282v1.Google Scholar
South Palomares, J. K., Sutherland, C. A. M., & Young, A. W. (2018). Partner preference and facial first impressions models: Comparable or distinct underlying structures? British Journal of Psychology, 109(3), 538563.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
South Palomares, J. K., & Young, A. W. (2019). Facial and self‐report questionnaire measures capture different aspects of romantic partner preferences. British Journal of Psychology, 110(3), 549575.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
South Palomares, J. K., & Young, A. W. (2018). Facial first impressions of partner preference traits: Trustworthiness, status, and attractiveness. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 9(8), 9901000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Statista Research Department. (2022a). Market value of skincare cosmetics in Great Britain in 2020, by product type. Statista.Google Scholar
Statista Research Department. (2022b). Size of the anti-aging market worldwide from 2020 to 2026. Statista.Google Scholar
Summersby, S., Harris, B., Denson, T., & White, D. (2022). Tracking sexual dimorphism of facial width-to-height ratio across the lifespan: Implications for perceived aggressiveness. Royal Society Open Science, 9, 211500.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sutherland, C. A. M. (2015). A basic guide to Psychomorph. York: University of York.Google Scholar
Sutherland, C. A. M., Burton, N. S., Wilmer, J. B., et al. (2020). Individual differences in trust evaluations are shaped mostly by environments, not genes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(19), 1021810224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutherland, C. A. M., Liu, X., Zhang, L., et al. (2018). Facial first impressions across culture: Data-driven modeling of Chinese and British perceivers’ unconstrained facial impressions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 44(4), 521537.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sutherland, C. A. M., Oldmeadow, J. A., Santos, I. M., et al. (2013). Social inferences from faces: Ambient images generate a three-dimensional model. Cognition, 127(1), 105118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sutherland, C. A. M., Rhodes, G., Burton, N., & Young, A. (2020). Do facial first impressions reflect a shared social reality? British Journal of Psychology, 111(2), 215232.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sutherland, C. A. M., Rhodes, G., & Young, A. W. (2017). Facial image manipulation: A tool for investigating social perception. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(5), 538551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutherland, C. A. M., Young, A. W., Mootz, C. A., & Oldmeadow, J. A. (2015). Face gender and stereotypicality influence facial trait evaluation: Counter-stereotypical female faces are negatively evaluated. British Journal of Psychology, 106(2), 186208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sutherland, C. A. M., Young, A. W., & Rhodes, G. (2016). Facial first impressions from another angle: Social judgements are influenced by both emotional expression and viewpoint. British Journal of Psychology, 108(2), 397415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swe, D., Palermo, R., Gwinn, O. S., et al. (2020). An objective and reliable electrophysiological marker for implicit trustworthiness perception. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 15(3), 337346.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Todorov, A. (2017). Face value: The irresistible influence of first impressions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Todorov, A., & Oh, D. (2021). Chapter four: The structure and perceptual basis of social judgments from faces. Advances in Experimental Psychology, 63, 189245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Todorov, A., & Porter, J. M. (2014). Misleading first impressions: Different for different facial images of the same person. Psychological Science, 25(7), 14041417.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Twele, A. C., & Mondloch, C. J. (2022). The dimensions underlying first impressions of older adult faces are similar, but not identical, for young and older adult perceivers. British Journal of Psychology, 113(4), 10091032.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Valenti, L. (2021). Makeup for women over 50: A guide from a beauty industry veteran. Vogue.Google Scholar
Vernon, R. J. W., Sutherland, C. A. M., Young, A. W., & Hartley, T. (2014). Modeling first impressions from highly variable facial images. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(32), e3353e3361.Google ScholarPubMed
Walker, M., Jiang, F., Vetter, T., & Sczesny, S. (2011). Universals and cultural differences in forming personality trait judgments from faces. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2(6), 609617.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, M., & Vetter, T. (2009). Portraits made to measure: Manipulating social judgments about individuals with a statistical face model. Journal of Vision, 9(11), 113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walster, E., Aronson, V., Abrahams, D., & Rottman, L. (1966). Importance of physical attractiveness in dating behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4(5), 508516.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Willis, J., & Todorov, A. (2006). First impressions: Making up your mind after a 100-ms exposure to a face. Psychological Science, 17(7), 592598.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, J. P., & Rule, N. O. (2015). Facial trustworthiness predicts extreme criminal-sentencing outcomes. Psychological Science, 26(8), 13251331.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolffhechel, K., Fagertun, J., Jacobsen, U. P., et al. (2014). Interpretation of appearance: The effect of facial features on first impressions and personality. PLoS ONE, 9(9), e107721.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xie, S. Y., Flake, J. K., Stolier, R. M., Freeman, J. B., & Hehman, E. (2021). Facial impressions are predicted by the structure of group stereotypes. Psychological Science, 32(12), 19791993.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yan, X., Young, A. W., & Andrews, T. J. (2017). The automaticity of face perception is influenced by familiarity. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 79, 22022211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zebrowitz, L. A., & Collins, M. A. (1997). Accurate social perception at zero acquaintance: The affordances of a Gibsonian approach. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 1(3), 204223.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zebrowitz, L. A., & Franklin, R. G. Jr. (2014). The attractiveness halo effect and the babyface stereotype in older and younger adults: Similarities, own-age accentuation, and older adult positivity effects. Experimental Aging Research, 40(3), 375393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zebrowitz, L. A., Franklin, R. G. Jr., Hillman, S., & Boc, H. (2013). Older and younger adults’ first impressions from faces: Similar in agreement but different in positivity. Psychology and Aging, 28(1), 202212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zebrowitz, L. A., & Montepare, J. M. (1992). Impressions of babyfaced individuals across the life span. Developmental Psychology, 28(6), 11431152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zebrowitz, L. A., Olson, K., & Hoffman, K. (1993). Stability of babyfaceness and attractiveness across the life span. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(3), 453466.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zebrowitz, L. A., & Rhodes, G. (2004). Sensitivity to “bad genes” and the anomalous face overgeneralization effect: Cue validity, cue utilization, and accuracy in judging intelligence and health. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 28(3), 167185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zebrowitz, L. A., Voinescu, L., & Collins, M. A. (1996). “Wide-eyed” and “crooked-faced”: Determinants of perceived and real honesty across the life span. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(12), 12581269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zebrowitz, L. A., Wang, R., Bronstad, P. M., et al. (2012). First impressions from faces among US and culturally isolated Tsimane’ people in the Bolivian rainforest. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43(1), 119134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×