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1 - Modos tradicionales de contar la infancia en Hispanoamérica. El niñociudadano y el modelo paterno

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 February 2023

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Summary

Un personaje tan alegórico como marginal

Más allá de todo enfoque genérico, según Richard Browning, que publicó un ambicioso aunque breve libro titulado Childhood and the Nation in Latin American Literature (2001, 164 páginas), la mayoría de los autores latinoamericanos que escribieron sobre la infancia la utilizaron para explorar los orígenes y/o el estado contemporáneo de su nación, o bien, por el contrario, para criticar la asimilación consensual entre ambos conceptos. Los escritores que se inscriben en una perspectiva “postmodernista”, como Alfredo Bryce Echenique, Cristina Peri Rossi o Reinaldo Arenas, tenderían, así, a denunciar la apropiación por el Estado de la retórica de la familia y usarían la infancia como una manera de subvertir el modo objetivo de la escritura de la historia:

Childhood is used […] as a way of subverting that “objective” mode of historical writing. The child as the boundary-crossing, creative, dangerous being who, at the same time, is considered to be innocent, passive and malleable, would seem to make an ideal subject of a discourse which questions the validity of other discourses, particularly those of national history and the patriarchal family. (147)

The child is used precisely because of society’s belief in those stereotyped qualities […]. The belief that all members of a community – perhaps the community of humankind – share a commonality of experience due to our childhoods, should be a part of the “common past” which is subverted in postmodern writing. (148)

Aun en el marco de una escritura subversiva, el personaje infantil se interpretaría en función de los valores tradicionalmente asociados a él y, en particular, de los valores nacionales. Conviene precisar, antes de revisar los géneros literarios y cinematográficos latinoamericanos que han desarrollado este carácter alegórico, que en la narrativa argentina tal carácter es correlativo a la relativa marginalidad del personaje. No se han escrito en Argentina grandes novelas de la infancia que se puedan comparar a Un mundo para Julius del peruano Bryce Echenique (1970), o a Casa de campo del chileno José Donoso (1978), por dar ejemplos hispanoamericanos.

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Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2014

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