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11 - Least trade-restrictive SPS policies: an analytic framework is there but questions remain

from PART III - Adding more economics to risk analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2013

David Orden
Affiliation:
State University
Clare Narrod
Affiliation:
US Department of Agriculture
Joseph W. Glauber
Affiliation:
US Department of Agriculture
Kym Anderson
Affiliation:
University of Adelaide
Cheryl McRae
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in Canberra, Australia
David Wilson
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in Canberra, Australia
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Summary

This chapter examines the choice among sanitary and phytosanitary policies of those that are least trade-distorting. In addressing this choice, we highlight the potential for complementarity between science-based risk assessment and economic-based cost/benefit analysis in regulatory decision processes. We make the argument for fuller integration of these approaches than is often the case. Integrating risk assessment and cost/benefit analysis simultaneously into the regulatory process provides decision makers with a rich two-dimensional nexus of information. It is too optimistic to expect that for all regulatory decisions a fully optimal policy choice can be achieved when only a single dimension of information is considered. The two-dimensional risk assessment-economic analysis nexus gives decision makers an opportunity to evaluate the trade-offs that are faced when they choose among alternative regulatory measures. The criterion “least trade-restrictive” (or more generally, “least trade-distorting”) is one that policy makers can apply to these decisions. It is not a complete decision-making rule, nor is it the only criterion on which policy options might be ranked, but least trade-restrictive is a criterion mandated by the WTO for consideration in SPS policy determination.

The chapter is organised as follows. The next section provides a brief discussion of the concept of a policy being least trade-distorting. We follow by summarising results from two case studies that were re-analysed using somewhat different approaches than those utilised in regulatory decisions. The possibility for either convergence or divergence between the inferences drawn from risk assessment versus cost/benefit analysis is demonstrated for the case of regulation of avocados entering the United States from Mexico.

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Publisher: The University of Adelaide Press
Print publication year: 2012

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