The book concludes by reflecting more broadly on the extent and character of the domestic and regional transformation delivered by the four post-liberation regimes since 1986. It outlines the significant and enduring impact that all four have had on the political fabric of East Africa, and the gradual securitisation of regional affairs and fora that their regional engagements have brought about. It also examines the re-calibration of regime structures and aspirations in the aftermath of regional conflict and internal splits and considers the longer-term durability of post-liberation governance in East Africa, and beyond.