Though it is the policy of this series to use the New English Bible (NEB) for biblical quotations, I have found that the older translations – which I have sometimes amended by my own translations – were often more suitable, because of their greater literalness, for the purposes of the present volume. Where it is important to know which particular translation is being employed, I have specified the version within the text (Authorized Version: AV, Jewish Publication Society: JPS).

I have adhered, in general, to a uniform system of transliteration of Hebrew terms and names, but I have retained those spellings that have become familiar in the English language, such as the Mishnah, Ishmael, and Gamaliel. It was sometimes difficult to decide, however, whether a given term or name had acquired sufficient general use for this treatment.

Rabbinic passages have all been translated newly by me, though, of course, I have consulted previous translations where available.

I wish to thank the editors of the series for their great patience and helpfulness.

My heartfelt thanks go to my wife, Cynthia, for her constant help and support, and for her searching and constructive criticism.