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7 - Apolipoprotein-4 (APOE-4)

Bad for the Brain and Bad for the Heart

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 January 2024

Daniel Gibbs
Affiliation:
Emeritus of Oregon Health and Science University
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Summary

At some point while I was a medical student in the 1970s, I had my cholesterol checked. I think it was part of a pedagogical exercise, and as I recall, only the total cholesterol was measured. Surprisingly, the cholesterol level was near the upper limit of normal. Too many burgers and fries said Lois. I laughed it off. There wasn’t much heart disease in the family. One of my grandfathers died of a heart attack, a myocardial infarction, but he was in his mid-70s. I was in my 20s and invincible. As I grew older, my cholesterol levels, especially the LDL cholesterol, crept higher, and the upper limits of normal were revised down so that by the time I was in my 40s, my cholesterol was unambiguously elevated. By the time I was in my 50s, I was taking medications to keep my cholesterol levels and blood pressure under control. As the years went by, the doses of these medications continued to climb. My hyperlipidemia and hypertension have always been a bit of a puzzle to me, but they have both been manageable with medications and diet.

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Chapter
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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

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References

Reiman, EM, Arboleda-Velasquez, JF, Quiroz, YTet alExceptionally low likelihood of Alzheimer’s dementia in APOE2 homozygotes from a 5,000-person neuropathological study. Nat Commun 2020; 11: 667. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14279-8 (open access).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roberts, S. Allen Roses, , who upset common wisdom on cause of Alzheimer’s, dies at 73. New York Times October 5, 2016. www.nytimes.com/2016/10/06/science/allen-roses-who-upset-common-wisdom-on-cause-of-alzheimers-dies-at-73.html (open access).Google Scholar
Jeong, W, Lee, H, Cho, S, Seo, J. ApoE4-induced cholesterol dysregulation and its brain cell type-specific implications in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Cells 2019; 42: 739746. https://doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2019.0200 (open access).Google ScholarPubMed
Shao, A, Shi, J, Liang, Zet alMeta-analysis of the association between apolipoprotein E polymorphism and risks of myocardial infarctionBMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22: 126. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-022-02566-0 (open access).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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  • Apolipoprotein-4 (APOE-4)
  • Daniel Gibbs, Emeritus of Oregon Health and Science University
  • Book: Dispatches from the Land of Alzheimer's
  • Online publication: 19 January 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009430067.008
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  • Apolipoprotein-4 (APOE-4)
  • Daniel Gibbs, Emeritus of Oregon Health and Science University
  • Book: Dispatches from the Land of Alzheimer's
  • Online publication: 19 January 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009430067.008
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Apolipoprotein-4 (APOE-4)
  • Daniel Gibbs, Emeritus of Oregon Health and Science University
  • Book: Dispatches from the Land of Alzheimer's
  • Online publication: 19 January 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009430067.008
Available formats
×