Brain development: glial cells generate neurons – implications for neuropsychiatric disorders

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511550072.004

3 - Brain development: glial cells generate neurons – implications for neuropsychiatric disorders

from Part II - Brain development

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 January 2010

Magdalena Götz

Edited by

Maria A. Ron and

Trevor W. Robbins

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Magdalena Götz: Affiliation:
Max-Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
Maria A. Ron: Affiliation:
Institute of Neurology, London
Trevor W. Robbins: Affiliation:
University of Cambridge

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Summary

Introduction

A variety of neurological disorders may have their origin during development of the central nervous system (CNS) (see also Chapter 4 by Beasley et al.). In particular, disorders with displaced neurons are considered as a failure of neuronal migration and have therefore been named ‘neuronal migration disorders’ (NMD). NMDs occur rather frequently in the forebrain and comprise aberrations in the formation of gyri, heterotopia and dysplasia (Copp and Harding 1999; Walsh 1999; Lammens 2000; Clark 2001). In cases of heterotopia, neurons are located in the white matter (WM), the fibre tract of the CNS, where usually only somata of glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes) reside. Dysplasia is a focal malformation in the grey matter (GM) of the cerebral cortex (focal cortical dysplasia (FCD)), the dorsal part of the telencephalon. The grey matter contains the neurons that are arranged in horizontal layers in the cerebral cortex according to their functional properties and connectivity (Götz 1999). This layering is often distorted in dysplasia and large abnormal neurons can be detected (Cotter et al. 1999). Similarly, a variety of defects assigned to developmental stages have been detected in patients with schizophrenia, leading to the highly disputed ‘neurodevelopmental hypothesis’ of this complex disorder (Senitz 1984; Jakob and Beckmann 1994; Roberts et al. 1995; Hollister and Cannon 1998; Taylor 1998; see also Chapter 4 by Beasley et al.).

These malformations in the adult are assigned to developmental processes as smoke is considered an indication of a fire.

Type: Chapter
Information: Disorders of Brain and Mind , pp. 59 - 73

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511550072.004 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2003

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