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35 - Diatoms and nanotechnology: early history and imagined future as seen through patents

from Part V - Other applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

By
Richard Gordon
Edited by
John P. Smol  and
Eugene F. Stoermer
Richard Gordon
Affiliation:
University of Manitoba
John P. Smol
Affiliation:
Queen's University, Ontario
Eugene F. Stoermer
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Summary

History of diatom nanotechnology

As to form, the Diatoms present an infinite variety of size and outline. Mathematical curves of the most exquisite perfection, combinations which the designer would grasp with eagerness on the planning of his models, surfaces adorned with the most unlimited profusion of style and ornamentation, are everywhere presented

(Bailey, 1867).

The origin of individual organization is one of those stubborn problems to which each generation of biologists has addressed itself anew

(Hall, 1969).

Diatom nanotechnology started in 1863, when Max Schultze (Figure 35.1) noted that structures manufactured from silica vapor precipitating “in the form of minute spherules or lenticular particles” resembled diatoms (Schultze, 1863a, b) (Figure 35.2). He further showed “that neither in the artificial siliceous pellicles nor in the diatom valves are the peculiar forms due to a crystalline structure,” i.e. both consisted of amorphous silica. Schultze's controlled assembly at microscopic levels pre-dated the “father” of nanotechnology (Feynman, 1960), by almost 100 years. Schultze also did pioneering work on diatom motility, including discovery of the raphe (Schultze, 1858a, b, 1865; Goodale, 1885), but like most other diatomists until recently (Gordon et al., 2009), made his living in other fields, such as cytology, anatomy, histology, microscopy and vision, and is noted for clarifying the cell theory (Nordenskiöld, 1928; Hall, 1969; Werner et al., 1987; Nyhart, 1995; Brewer, 2006).

Type
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The Diatoms
Applications for the Environmental and Earth Sciences
 , pp. 590 - 608
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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