Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Part I Introduction
- Part II Diatoms as indicators of environmental change in flowing waters and lakes
- Part III Diatoms as indicators in Arctic, Antarctic, and alpine lacustrine environments
- Part IV Diatoms as indicators in marine and estuarine environments
- 15 Diatoms and environmental change in large brackish-water ecosystems
- 16 Applied diatom studies in estuaries and shallow coastal environments
- 17 Estuarine paleoenvironmental reconstructions using diatoms
- 18 Diatoms on coral reefs and in tropical marine lakes
- 19 Diatoms as indicators of former sea levels, earthquakes, tsunamis, and hurricanes
- 20 Marine diatoms as indicators of modern changes in oceanographic conditions
- 21 Holocene marine diatom records of environmental change
- 22 Diatoms as indicators of paleoceanographic events
- 23 Reconsidering the meaning of biogenic silica accumulation rates in the glacial Southern Ocean
- Part V Other applications
- Part VI Conclusions
- Glossary, acronyms, and abbreviations
- Index
- References
15 - Diatoms and environmental change in large brackish-water ecosystems
from Part IV - Diatoms as indicators in marine and estuarine environments
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Part I Introduction
- Part II Diatoms as indicators of environmental change in flowing waters and lakes
- Part III Diatoms as indicators in Arctic, Antarctic, and alpine lacustrine environments
- Part IV Diatoms as indicators in marine and estuarine environments
- 15 Diatoms and environmental change in large brackish-water ecosystems
- 16 Applied diatom studies in estuaries and shallow coastal environments
- 17 Estuarine paleoenvironmental reconstructions using diatoms
- 18 Diatoms on coral reefs and in tropical marine lakes
- 19 Diatoms as indicators of former sea levels, earthquakes, tsunamis, and hurricanes
- 20 Marine diatoms as indicators of modern changes in oceanographic conditions
- 21 Holocene marine diatom records of environmental change
- 22 Diatoms as indicators of paleoceanographic events
- 23 Reconsidering the meaning of biogenic silica accumulation rates in the glacial Southern Ocean
- Part V Other applications
- Part VI Conclusions
- Glossary, acronyms, and abbreviations
- Index
- References
Summary
Introduction
Classification of brackish waters
Brackish waters comprise a range of exclusive habitats that can be subdivided into three major categories: transition zones between freshwater and marine habitats, transition zones between hyperhaline water and marine habitats, and inland waters without marine water exchange. Salinities of brackish-water habitats vary from relatively stable (e.g. some large saline lakes; see Fritz et al., this volume) to extremely instable in time and space (e.g. estuaries bordering tidal seas; see Trobajo & Sullivan, this volume). In the past, many efforts have been made to classify brackish waters according to salinity and the occurrence of biological species (Kolbe, 1932; Segerstråle, 1959; den Hartog, 1964). The more detailed such classifications are, the less well they appear to fit with all types of brackish waters. Based on salinity, defined as the total concentration of ionic components in g per kg water, generally accepted approximate limits are: limnetic (freshwater) <0.5 practical salinity units (psu) = parts per thousand (ppt), oligohaline 0.5–5 psu, mesohaline 5–18 psu, polyhaline 18–30 psu, euhaline 30–40 psu, hyperhaline 40 psu (known as the “Venice System”: Anonymous, 1959).
Large brackish-water ecosystems
Earth's longest salinity gradient comprises the continental microtidal Baltic Sea (Leppäranta & Myrberg, 2009: surface area 377,000 km2, water volume 21,000 km3, mean depth 58 m, maximum depth 459 m) and its transition area to the North Sea.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The DiatomsApplications for the Environmental and Earth Sciences, pp. 287 - 308Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2010
References
(1985). Palökologische und ökostratigraphische Untersuchungen von Diatomeenassoziationen an holozänen Sedimenten der zentralen Ostsee. Berichte Reports, Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut der Universität Kiel, 9, 1–199.Google Scholar
, , & (2002). Invaders in the Caspian Sea. In Invasive Aquatic Species of Europe – Distribution, Impacts and Management, ed. , , & , Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 351–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , et al. (2005). Synchronous ecological regime shifts in the central Baltic and the North Sea in the late 1980s. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 62, 1205–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1971). The stages of the Baltic Sea as indicated by the diatom stratigraphy. Acta Botanica Fennica, 92, 3–17.Google Scholar
(1986). Late Weichselian and Flandrian diatom stratigraphy: methods, results and research tendencies. Striae, 24, 27–33.Google Scholar
(1999a). Holocene environmental changes recorded by diatom stratigraphy in the southern Baltic Sea. Meddelanden från Stockholms universitets institution för geologi och geokemi, 302, 1–22.Google Scholar
(1999b). Changes in the composition of the diatom flora during the last century indicate increased eutrophication of the Oder estuary, south-western Baltic Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 48, 665–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , & (2000a). Holocene history of the Baltic Sea as a background for assessing records of human impact in the sediments of the Gotland Basin. Holocene, 10, 687–702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, & (2000b). The Holocene history of the southwestern Baltic Sea as reflected in a sediment core from the Bornholm Basin. Boreas, 29, 233–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , & (1999). Environmental changes of the last three centuries indicated by siliceous microfossil records from the southwestern Baltic Sea. Holocene, 9, 25–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1959). Final Resolution of the Symposium on the Classification of Brackish Waters. Archivio di Oceanografia e Limnologia (Supplement), 11, 243–5.Google Scholar
(2000). Directive 200/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. Official Journal of the European Communities, L 327/1.Google Scholar
(1983). The diatoms of the Sundays and Great Fish rivers in the eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Bibliotheca Diatomologica, 1, 1–362 + 34 plates.Google Scholar
& (2000). The Black Sea. In Seas at the Millenium: an Environmental Evaluation, ed. , Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Ltd, pp. 285–305.Google Scholar
, , , et al. (2005). Early Holocene history of the Baltic Sea, as reflected in coastal sediments in Blekinge, southeastern Sweden. Quaternary International, 130, 111–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , et al. (2008). Domoic acid production by Pseudo-nitzschia calliantha Lundholm, Moestrup et Hasle (Bacillariophyta) isolated from the Black Sea. Harmful Algae, 7, 438–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1995). Quantitative palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Quaternary Research Association, Technical Guide, 5, 161–254.Google Scholar
(1995). A review of the history of the Baltic Sea 13.0–8.0 ka BP. Quaternary International, 27, 19–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2008). The late Quaternary development of the Baltic Sea basin. In Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin, ed. the BACC author team, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 398–407.Google Scholar
, , & (2008). An attempt to resolve the partly conflicting data and ideas on the Ancylus–Litorina transition. Polish Geological Institute Special Papers, 23, 21–6.Google Scholar
& (1996). Pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) in marine periphyton in a gradient of tri-n-butyltin (TBT) contamination. Aquatic Toxicology, 35, 57–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2006). Zoobenthic diversity-gradients in the Baltic Sea: continuous post-glacial succession in a stressed ecosystem. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 330, 383–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2001). Linking land and lake. The response of lake nutrient regimes and diatoms to long-term land-use change in Denmark. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Copenhagen.Google Scholar
& (2002). Gradient responses of diatom communities in the Bothnian Bay, northern Baltic Sea. Nova Hedwigia, 74, 501–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (2003). Gradient responses of diatom communities in the Bothnian Sea (northern Baltic Sea), with emphasis on responses to water movement. Phycologia, 42, 451–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (1991). Historical phytoplankton data of the Maarsdiep. Hydrobiological Bulletin, 24, 111–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (1994). Radiocaesium in algae from Nordic coastal waters. In Nordic Radioecology – The Transfer of Radionuclides through Nordic Ecosystems to Man, ed. , Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, pp. 105–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1978a). Evolutionary euryhalinity of diatoms in changing environments. Nova Hedwigia, 29, 489–526.Google Scholar
(1978b). Revision of Kolbe's system der Halobien based on diatoms of Californian lagoons. Oikos, 31, 112–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, & (2003). A 150-year reconstruction of the history of coastal eutrophication in Roskilde Fjord, Denmark. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46, 1615–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1899). Bidrag till Kännedom om Östersjöns och Bottniska vikens postglaciala geologi. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökningar, C180 (in Swedish).Google Scholar
(1951–1955). Die Diatomeen von Schweden und Finnland I-V. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 2(1), 1–163; 3(3), 1–153; 4(1), 1–255; 4(5), 1–158; 5(4), 1–132.Google Scholar
(2000). Biogeochemical nutrient cycles and nutrient management strategies. Hydrobiologia, 410, 87–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , & (2000). The transport and retention of dissolved silicate by rivers in Sweden and Finland. Limnology and Oceanography, 45, 1850–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , & (2002). Causes, historical development, effects and future challenges of a common environmental problem: eutrophication. Hydrobiologia, 475–476, 1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1964). Typologie des Brackwassers. Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 10, 377–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , et al. (2006). Long-term changes in plankton community structure and geochemistry in Mariager Fjord, Denmark, linked to increased nutrient loading. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 68, 567–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1989). Man's impact on the ecosystem of the Baltic Sea: energy flows today and at the turn of the century. Ambio, 18, 326–32.Google Scholar
, , , , & (2003). Salinity changes in the central Baltic Sea (NW Europe) over the last 10 000 years. Holocene, 13, 411–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1977). The growth and culture of diatoms. In The Biology of Diatoms, ed. D. Werner, Botanical Monographs, volume 13, Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, pp. 24–64.Google Scholar
, , , , & (2000). The Baltic Sea, especially southern and eastern regions. In Seas at the Millenium: an Environmental Evaluation, ed. , Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Ltd, pp. 99–120.Google Scholar
(2008). Biodiversity and bioproductivity. In The Black Sea Environment, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 5Q, ed. & , Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 351–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , et al. (2004). Regime shifts, resilience and biodiversity in ecosystem management. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 35, 557–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1972). On eutrophication and pollution in the Baltic sea. In Marine Pollution and Sea Life, ed. , London: Fishing News (Books) Ltd, pp. 23–8.Google Scholar
, , , & (2002). The Black Sea – a recipient, donor and transit area for alien species. In Invasive Aquatic Species of Europe – Distribution, Impacts and Management, ed. , , & , Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 341–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (1994). Fossil phytoplankton blooms and selfish genes: the ecological and evolutionary significance of Chaetoceros resting spores in laminated diatomaceous sediments. Geological Society of America Abstract with Programs, 26, A170–71.Google Scholar
(1993). Diatoms in surface sediments of the Gotland Basin in the Baltic Sea. Hydrobiologia, 269–270, 235–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (eds.) (1979). The Quaternary History of the Baltic. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Symposia Universitatis Upsaliensis Annuum Quingentesimum Celebrantis, vol. 1, pp. 1–279.
& (2002). On the causes for salinity variations in the Baltic Sea during the last 8500 years. Paleoceanography, 17, 1040.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , & (1998). Influence of sea ice on the composition of the spring phytoplankton bloom in the northern Baltic Sea. Polar Biology, 20, 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , & (1996). A review of Pseudo-nitzschia, with special reference to the Skagerrak, North Atlantic, and adjacent waters. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen, 50, 131–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (1990). Arctic diatoms in the Oslofjord and the Baltic Sea – a bio- and palaeogeographic problem? In Proceedings of the 10th International Diatom Symposium, ed. , Königstein: Koeltz Scientific Books, pp. 285–300.Google Scholar
(2007). Climate change in the Baltic Sea area – HELCOM Thematic Assessment in 2007. Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings, 111, 1–49.Google Scholar
(1964). An introductory account of the smaller algae of British coastal waters. Part V: Bacillariophyceae (diatoms). Fishery Investigation Series, IV, 1–317 + plates I–XLV.Google Scholar
, , & (2010). Warming leads to higher species turnover in a coastal ecosystem. Global Change Biology, 16, 1181–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , & (2004). Vertical distribution and settling of spring phytoplankton in the offshore NW Baltic Sea proper. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 283, 15–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , & (1993). A hierarchical set of models for species response analysis. Journal of Vegetation Science, 4, 37–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , & (1997). Effect of the Danube River dam on Black Sea biochemistry and ecosystem structure. Nature, 386, 385–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1953). Die Systematik der Diatomeen in ihren Beziehungen zur Geologie und Ökologie nebst einer Revision des Halobien-Systems. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift, 47, 509–19.Google Scholar
& (1986). Sea-ice algae in the northern Baltic Sea. Memoranda Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 62, 58–62.Google Scholar
, , & (2003). The effects of diatoms on copepod reproduction: a review. Phycologia, 42, 351–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (1978). Itämeren vaiheet ja piilevätutkimus [Baltic Sea stages and diatom analysis]. Tuurun yliopiston maaperägeologia osaston julkaisuja, 36, 1–26 (in Finnish, with English summary).Google Scholar
, , , & (1981). Quaternary geology of the Baltic Sea. In The Baltic Sea, ed. , Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, pp. 54–105.Google Scholar
(2007). Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ed. , & , Geneva: IPCC.Google Scholar
(1996). Diatoms from the surface sediments of the Skagerrak and the Kattegat and their relationship to the spatial changes of environmental variables. Journal of Biogeography, 23, 129–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , & (1997). A palaeoclimatic and palaeoceanographic record of the last 11 000 14C years from the Skagerrak–Kattegat, northeastern Atlantic margin. Holocene, 7, 301–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , & (1998). Reconstruction of Holocene sea-surface salinity in the Skagerrak–Kattegat: a climatic and environmental record of Scandinavia. Journal of Quaternary Science, 13, 107–14.3.0.CO;2-#>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1983). The diatom flora of the Swan River estuary, western Australia. Bibliotheca Phycologica, 64, 1–359.Google Scholar
& (1994). Changes in deposition of organic matter and nutrients in the Baltic Sea during the twentieth century. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 28, 417–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (1988). Dramatic changes in Baltic sediments during the last three decades. Ambio, 17, 158–60.Google Scholar
(1992). Diatoms in the Thames estuary, England. Ecology, palaeoecology, and salinity transfer function. Bibliotheca Diatomologica, 25, 1–216.Google Scholar
(1882). On the diatoms of the Baltic Sea. Bihang till Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 6, 1–52.Google Scholar
(1995). The Baltic Ice Lake and Yoldia Sea stages, based on data from diatom analysis in the central, south-eastern and eastern Baltic. Quaternary International, 27, 69–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (1973). Special features and origin of the Caspian Sea diatom flora. Marine Biology, 21, 269–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2005). Biodiversity. In The Caspian Sea Environment, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 5P, ed. & , Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 159–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , & (2005). Introduced species. In The Caspian Sea Environment, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Part 5P, ed. and . Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 175–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1987). Phytoplankton in the sea area off the Olkiluoto nuclear power station, west coast of Finland. Annales Botanici Fennici, 24, 281–99.Google Scholar
& (1987). Overwintering of benthic vegetation outside the Olkiluoto nuclear power station, west coast of Finland. Annales Botanici Fennici, 24, 231–43.Google Scholar
(1927). Zur Ökologie, Morphologie und Systematik der Brackwasser-Diatomeen. Pflanzenforschung, 7, 1–146.Google Scholar
(1932). Grundlinien einer allgemeinen Ökologie der Diatomeen. Ergebnisse der Biologie, 8, 221–348.Google Scholar
(2005). Physico-geographical conditions of the Caspian Sea. In The Caspian Sea Environment, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Part 5P, ed. & , Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 5–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (2008). Introduction. In The Black Sea Environment, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Part 5Q, ed. and . Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 1–10.Google Scholar
, , & (2008). The Sea of Azov. In The Black Sea Environment, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Part 5Q, ed. & , Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 63–89.Google Scholar
(1989–1990). Benthic Algal Vegetation in the Nordre Älv Estuary (Swedish west Coast). Doctoral Dissertation, Gothenburg University, Sweden, vol. 1, text (1990), vol. 2, plates (1989).Google Scholar
& (2002). Coscinodiscus wailesii – a nuisance diatom in European waters. In Invasive Aquatic Species of Europe – Distribution, Impacts and Management, ed. , & , Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 53–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1995). Climate, History and the Modern World, 2nd edition, London: Routledge, pp. 1–464.Google Scholar
(1999). Shoreline displacements in southern-central Sweden and the evolution of the Baltic Sea since the last maximum glaciation. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 156, 465–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , & (1985). Eutrophication and the Baltic Sea: causes and consequences. Ambio, 14, 9–14.Google Scholar
& (1996). Enclosed seas under man-induced change: a comparison between the Baltic and Black seas. Ambio, 25, 380–9.Google Scholar
& (2000). Non-native species and rates of spread: lessons from the brackish Baltic Sea. Biological Invasions, 2, 151–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, & (2002). The Baltic Sea – a field laboratory for invasion biology. In Invasive Aquatic Species of Europe – Distribution, Impacts and Management, ed. , & , Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 253–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (2009). Physical Oceanography of the Baltic Sea. Berlin: Springer Praxis Books/Geophysical Sciences.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , & (1983). X-ray microanalysis of planktic diatoms in in situ studies of metal pollution. Botanica Marina, 26, 367–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , et al. (2005). Overview of key phytoplankton toxins and their recent occurrence in the North and Baltic seas. Environmental Toxicology, 20, 1–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
& (2007). Daily ocean monitoring since the 1860s shows record warming of northern European seas. Global Change Biology, 13, 1335–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (2007). Molecular genetics and the neglected art of diatomics. In Unravelling the Algae – the Past, Present and Future of Algal Systematics, ed. and , Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 231–65.Google Scholar
, & (2009). Late Cenozoic fluvial development within the Sea of Azov and Black Sea coastal plains. Global and Planetary Change, 68, 270–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1986). Ecology and palaeoecology of brackish water diatoms with special reference to the Baltic Basin. In Proceedings of the 8th International Diatom Symposium, ed. , Königstein: Koeltz Scientific Books, pp. 601–11.Google Scholar
& (1990). Environmental changes, mainly eutrophication, as recorded by fossil siliceous micro-algae in two cores from the uppermost sediments of the north-western Baltic. Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft, 100, 237–53.Google Scholar
& (1979). Biostratigraphical investigations in the Anundsjö region, Ångermanland, northern Sweden. Early Norrland, 12, 1–76.Google Scholar
, , & (1990). Toxicity assessment by pollution-induced tolerance (PICT), and identification of metabolites in periphyton communities after exposure to 4,5,6-trichloroguaiacol. Aquatic Toxicity (Amsterdam), 18, 115–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (1967–1973). Über Finnlands rezente und subfossile Diatomeen I–VII. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, 39, 199–217; 40, 151–70; 41, 235–51; 42, 129–44; 43, 203–20; 44, 141–49; 45, 159–79.Google Scholar
(2006). Coastal ecology and palaeoecology of the Baltic and adjacent seas. See http://craticula.ncl.ac.uk/Molten/jsp/index.jsp.
(1892). Studier ofer Baltiska hafets qvartära historia. Bihang till Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademins Handlingar, 18 II (in Swedish).Google Scholar
(1894). Preliminary report on the physical geography of the Litorina Sea. Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Uppsala, 2, 1–38.Google Scholar
& (1994). Development of ice biota in a temperate sea area (Gulf of Bothnia). Polar Biology, 14, 531–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , et al. (2008). Diatom stratigraphy and long-term dissolved silica concentrations in the Baltic Sea. Journal of Marine Systems, 73, 284–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (2006). Silicon in the marine environment: dissolved silica trends in the Baltic Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 67, 53–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , et al. (1981). X-ray microanalysis of metals in algae – a contribution to the study of environmental pollution. Scanning Electron Microscopy, 1981 II, 499–509.Google Scholar
& (2007). Database on Black Sea benthic diatoms (Bacillariophyta): its use for a comparative study of diversity pecularities under technogenic pollution impacts. In Proceedings Ocean Biodiversity Informatics, ed. , , , & , IOC Workshop Report, 202, Paris: UNESCO, pp. 153–65.Google Scholar
& (1986). Benthic marine diatoms as food for benthic marine animals. In Proceedings of the 8th International Diatom Symposium, ed. , Königstein: Koeltz Scientific Books, pp. 525–37.Google Scholar
& (1997). The natural life cycle in wild populations of Diatoma moniliformis (Bacillariophyceae) and its disruption in an aberrant environment. Journal of Phycology, 33, 924–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1955). Diatomovye vodorosli planktona Chernogo morya [Planktonic diatoms of the Black Sea], Moskva: Akademii Nauk S.S.S.R. (in Russian).Google Scholar
(1963). Diatomovye vodorosli planktona Azovskogo morya (Planktonic Diatoms of the Sea of Azov), Moskva: Akademii Nauk S.S.S.R. (in Russian).Google Scholar
& (1968). Vodorosli planktona Kaspiiskogo morya (Planktonic Diatoms of the Caspian Sea), Leningrad: Nauka (in Russian).Google Scholar
, , , & (1988). The isotope composition of oxygen and carbon in the subfossil mollusc shells of the Baltic Sea as an indicator for paleosalinity. Boreas, 17, 27–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , & (1996). Time series analysis of nutrient inputs to the Baltic Sea and changing DSi:DIN ratios. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 130, 221–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1940). Einführung in die zoologische Ökologie der Nord- und Ostsee. In Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, ed. & , Leipzig: Akademische Verlags-gesellschaft Becker & Erler, vol. 1a, pp. 1–238.Google Scholar
(1958). Ökologie des Brackwassers. In Die Biologie des Brackwassers, ed. & , Stuttgart, pp. 1–216.Google Scholar
(1990). Siliceous microfossil stratigraphy in a superficial sediment core from the northwestern part of the Baltic proper. Ambio, 19, 167–72.Google Scholar
(1991). Palaeoenvironment and sea level changes during the early Holocene on the Södertörn peninsula, Södermanland, eastern Sweden. Stockholm University, Department of Quaternary Research, Report, 20, 1–27.Google Scholar
(1990). The diatom flora of the Yoldia sediments in the Närke province, south central Sweden. Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft, 100, 255–62.Google Scholar
, & (1990). The Diatoms – Biology and Morphology of the Genera, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
& (1981). The distribution of diatom genera in marine and freshwater environments and some evolutionary considerations. InProceedings of the 6th International Diatom Symposium, ed. , Königstein: Koeltz Scientific Books, pp. 301–20.Google Scholar
, , , et al. (1994). In Abstracts of the International Meeting on the Urbanization and the Protection of the Biocoenosis of the Baltic Coasts, Juodrante, Lithuania, 4–8 October 1994, ed. , Paris: UNESCO, Regional Office for Science and Technology for Europe, Technical Report, 22, pp. 63–9.Google Scholar
, , , et al. (2004). Reconstructing the salinity and environment of the Limfjord and Vejlerne Nature Reserve, Denmark, using a diatom model for brackish lakes and fjords. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 61, 1988–2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , & (2008). Development of a phytoplankton indicator system for the ecological assessment of brackish coastal waters (German Baltic Sea coast). Hydrobiologia, 611, 91–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , & (2007). Recent human-induced salinity changes in Ramsar-listed Orielton Lagoon, south-east Tasmania, Australia: a new approach for coastal lagoon conservation and management. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 17, 51–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , & (2006). Historic low-level phosphorus enrichment in the Great Lakes inferred from biogenic silica accumulation in sediments. Limnology & Oceanography, 51, 728–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1959). Brackish water classification, a historical survey. Archivio di Oceanografia e Limnologia (Supplement), 11, 7–33.Google Scholar
(2008). Introduced species. In The Black Sea Environment, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Part 5Q, ed. & , Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 375–406.Google Scholar
(1962). Untersuchungen zur Systematik und Ökologie der Bodendiatomeen der westlichen Ostsee. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie, Systematische Beihefte, 1, 1–144.Google Scholar
(1990). Novel and nuisance phytoplankton blooms in the sea: evidence for a global epidemic. In Toxic Marine Phytoplankton – Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Toxic Marine Plankton, ed. , , , & , pp. 29–40.
(2008). Pollution of Lakes and Rivers: A Paleoenvironmental Perspective, 2nd edition, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
& (2000). Tracking long-term changes in climate using algal indicators in lake sediments. Journal of Phycology, 36, 986–1011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1989). Ecological effects of cooling water discharge on hydrolittoral epilithic diatom communities in the northern Baltic Sea. Diatom Research, 4, 373–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1990). Effects of temperature on spring bloom dynamics of epiplithic diatom communities in the Gulf of Bothnia. Journal of Vegetation Science, 1, 599–608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1991). Monitoring pollution effects by diatom community composition – a comparison of methods. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 121, 497–510.Google Scholar
(1992). Studies in the Tabularia fasciculata complex. Diatom Research, 7, 313–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1994). Distribution of epiphytic diatom species composition, diversity and biomass on different macroalgal hosts along seasonal and salinity gradients in the Baltic Sea. Diatom Research, 9, 189–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1995). Effects of salinity on epiphytic diatom communities on Pilayella littoralis (Phaeophyceae) in the Baltic Sea. Ecoscience, 2, 382–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1999). Marine and brackish waters. In Swedish Plant Geography. Acta Phytogeographica Suecica, 84, 187–212.
& (1989). Effects of ice-break on the structure and dynamics of a benthic diatom community in the northern Baltic Sea. Botanica Marina, 32, 547–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (1993a). Benthic diatoms as monitoring organisms for radionuclides in a brackish-water coastal environment. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 18, 23–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (1993b). Radiocaesium from Chernobyl in benthic algae along the Swedish Baltic Sea coast. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Report SLU-REK, 72, 1–21.Google Scholar
& (1998) Ecotypes or endemic species? – a hypothesis on the evolution of Diatoma taxa (Bacillariophyta) in the northern Baltic Sea. Nova Hedwigia 67: 303–48.Google Scholar
, & (2002). The importance of diatom cell size in community analysis. Journal of Phycology, 38, 265–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , & (1993–1998). Intercalibration and Distribution of Diatom Species in the Baltic Sea, Uppsala: Opulus Press, vol. 1–5.Google Scholar
, , & (1996). Holocene history of the Baltic Sea as recorded in a sediment core from the Gotland Deep. Marine Geology, 134, 183–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (2008). Climate change and the timing, magnitude, and composition of the phytoplankton spring bloom. Global Change Biology, 14, 1199–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (1991). Effects of nutrient enrichment on microalgal community composition in a coastal shallow-water sediment system: an experimental study. Botanica Marina, 34, 341–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1922). Några ord angående förläggningen av L.G. i de av transgression ej drabbade delarna av det baltiska området samt angående tidpunkten för Litorinahavets inträde. GFF, 44, 543–44.Google Scholar
(1986). Canonical correspondence analysis: a new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis. Ecology, 67, 1167–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (1993). Weighted averaging partial least squares regression (WA-PLS): an improved method for reconstructing environmental variables from species assemblages. Hydrobiologia, 269/270, 485–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (2008). Distribution, abundance and domoic acid analysis of the toxic diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia from the Chesapeake Bay. Estuaries & Coasts, 31, 664–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, & (1992). Stratigraphy and age of two postglacial sediment cores from the Baltic Sea. Geologiska Föreningeni Stockholm Förhandlingar, 114, 165–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, & (2010). Assessment of recent eutrophication and climate influence in the Archipelago Sea based on the subfossil diatom record. Journal of Paleolimnology, 44, 95–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1975–1980). Über Finnlands rezente und subfossile Diatomeen VIII–XI. Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin, 274, 1–35; 284, 1–37; 296, 1–55; 312, 1–93.Google Scholar
, & (2009). Coastal diatom–environment relationships in the brackish Baltic Sea. Journal of Phycology, 45, 54–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
& (2008). Detecting environmental change in estuaries: nutrient and heavy metal distributions in sediment cores in estuaries from the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 76, 45–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1996). The Black Sea. In Marine Benthic Vegetation – Recent Changes and the Effects of Eutrophication, ed. and . Ecological Studies, Volume 123. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 435–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (2003). Phytoplankton trends in the Baltic Sea. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 60, 177–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, & (1998). Phytoplankton spring blooms in the southern Baltic Sea – spatio-temporal development and long-term trends. Journal of Plankton Research, 20, 1099–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2006). Assessing recent eutrophication in coastal waters of the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) using subfossil diatoms. Journal of Paleolimnology, 35, 571–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
& (2005). Coastal diatom–environment relationship from the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. Journal of Phycology, 42, 21–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, & (2004). Quantifying background nutrient concentrations in coastal waters: a case study from an urban embayment of the Baltic Sea. Ambio, 33, 324–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, & (2007). Impacts of eutrophication on diatom life forms and species richness in coastal waters of the Baltic Sea. Ambio, 36, 155–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1990). Untersuchungen zur subfossilen und rezenten Diatomeenflora des Schlei-Ästuars (Ostsee). Bibliotheca Diatomologica, 20, 1–268.Google Scholar
& (1999). Diatom stratigraphy in five offshore sediment cores from the northwestern Baltic proper implying large scale circulation changes during the last 8500 years. Journal of Paleolimnology, 22, 53–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1985). Phytoplankton, chlorophyll a and primary production in the Biotest Basin, Forsmark, 1981–1982. Abstracts of the 9th BMB Symposium, Turku/Åbo, Finland, 11–15 June, Åbo Akademi, p. 123.
, & (1996). Assessing the reliability of salinity inference models from diatom assemblages: an examination of a 219-lake data set from western North America, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 53, 1580–94.Google Scholar
, & (1988). Hydrography of the Kiel Bay, western Baltic, during the Litorina transgression. Meyniana, 40, 31–46.Google Scholar
(1994). Recent and fossil diatom flora of the Gulf of Gdansk, southern Baltic Sea. Bibliotheca Diatomologica, 28, 1–313.Google Scholar
, , , , & (2007). Nutrient and phytoplankton trends on the western Black Sea shelf in response to cultural eutrophication and climate changes. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 74, 63–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , & (2008). Past occurrences of hypoxia in the Baltic Sea and the role of climate variability, environmental change and human impact. Earth-Science Reviews, 91, 77–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2005). Environmental issues of the Caspian. In The Caspian Sea Environment, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Part 5P, ed. and , Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 223–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, & (2008). Environmental issues of the Black Sea. In The Black Sea Environment, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Part 5Q, ed. and , Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 407–21.Google Scholar
- 11
- Cited by