Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T00:05:02.573Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 14 - Precursor Lymphoid Neoplasms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 November 2020

Jon van der Walt ,
Attilio Orazi  and
Daniel A. Arber
By
Girish Venkataraman
Jon van der Walt
Affiliation:
St Thomas’ Hospital, London
Attilio Orazi
Affiliation:
Texas Tech University
Daniel A. Arber
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Get access

Summary

Neoplasms arising from precursor lymphoid cells committed to the B-cell or T-cell lineage can present primarily in the bone marrow (BM), blood (i.e. leukaemic presentation) or at extramedullary tissue sites (i.e. lymphomatous presentation) (Table 14.1). Hence, these neoplasms are appropriately termed as B- or T-lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma [1, 2].

Keywords

LeukaemialymphomaprecursorneoplasmlymphoblasticT-cellB-cellimmunophenotypegenetics
Type
Chapter
Information
Diagnostic Bone Marrow Haematopathology , pp. 231 - 244
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Swerdlow, SH, Campo, E, Pileri, SA, et al. The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Blood. 2016;127:2375–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swerdlow, SH, Campo, E, Harris, NL, et al. (eds) WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, Revised 4th edn. Lyon: IARC; 2017.Google Scholar
Vardiman, JW, Thiele, J, Arber, DA, et al. The 2008 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia: rationale and important changes. Blood. 2009;114:937–51.Google Scholar
Terwilliger, T, Abdul-Hay, M. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a comprehensive review and 2017 update. Blood Cancer J. 2017;7:e577.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Borowitz, M, Croker, B, Metzgar, R. Lymphoblastic lymphoma with the phenotype of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Am J Clin Pathol. 1983;79:387–91.Google Scholar
Stock, W, La, M, Sanford, B, et al. What determines the outcomes for adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated on cooperative group protocols? A comparison of Children’s Cancer Group and Cancer and Leukemia Group B studies. Blood. 2008;112:1646–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chimenti, S, Fink-Puches, R, Peris, K, et al. Cutaneous involvement in lymphoblastic lymphoma. J Cutan Pathol. 1999;26:379–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brix, N, Rosthoj, S. Bone marrow involvement is not manifest in the early stages of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Dan Med J. 2014;61:A4883.Google Scholar
Maitra, A, McKenna, RW, Weinberg, AG, et al. Precursor B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. A study of nine cases lacking blood and bone marrow involvement and review of the literature. Am J Clin Pathol. 2001;115:868–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bennett, JM, Catovsky, D, Daniel, MT, et al. Proposals for the classification of the acute leukaemias. French–American–British (FAB) co-operative group. Br J Haematol. 1976;33:451–8.Google Scholar
Inoue, S, Monga, R, Onwuzurike, N. Bone marrow necrosis as a presenting feature of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007;49:367–8.Google Scholar
Bharos, A, Jong, AJ, Manton, N, et al. Bone marrow fibrosis and vascular density lack prognostic significance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Leukemia. 2010;24:1537–8.Google Scholar
Kwon, K, Hutter, C, Sun, Q, et al. Instructive role of the transcription factor E2A in early B lymphopoiesis and germinal center B cell development. Immunity. 2008;28:751–62.Google Scholar
Cobaleda, C, Jochum, W, Busslinger, M. Conversion of mature B cells into T cells by dedifferentiation to uncommitted progenitors. Nature. 2007;449:473–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delves, P, Roitt, IM. Ontogeny and phylogeny. In Essential Immunology. 2011. Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Pittaluga, S, Raffeld, M, Lipford, EH, et al. 3A1 (CD7) expression precedes T beta gene rearrangements in precursor T (lymphoblastic) neoplasms. Blood. 1986;68:134–9.Google Scholar
McKenna, RW, Washington, LT, Aquino, DB, et al. Immunophenotypic analysis of hematogones (B-lymphocyte precursors) in 662 consecutive bone marrow specimens by 4-color flow cytometry. Blood. 2001;98:2498–507.Google Scholar
Li, Y, Gupta, G, Molofsky, A, et al. B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with Burkitt-like morphology and IGH/MYC rearrangement: report of three cases in adult patients. Am J Surg Pathol. 2018;42(2):269–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brouet, JC, Preud’homme, JL, Penit, C, et al. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with pre-B-cell characteristics. Blood. 1979;54:269–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pilozzi, E, Pulford, K. Jones, M, et al. Co-expression of CD79a (JCB117) and CD3 by lymphoblastic lymphoma. J Pathol. 1998;186:140–3.Google Scholar
Li, S, Juco, J, Mann, KP, et al. Flow cytometry in the differential diagnosis of lymphocyte-rich thymoma from precursor T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 2004;121:268–74.Google Scholar
Dworzak, MN, Buldini, B, Gaipa, G, et al. AIEOP-BFM consensus guidelines 2016 for flow cytometric immunophenotyping of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2018;94(1):82–93.Google Scholar
Coustan-Smith, E, Mullighan, CG, Onciu, M, et al. Early T-cell precursor leukaemia: a subtype of very high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet Oncol. 2009;10:147–56.Google Scholar
Zoghbi, A, Zur Stadt, U, Winkler, B, et al. Lineage switch under blinatumomab treatment of relapsed common acute lymphoblastic leukemia without MLL rearrangement. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2017;64(6):e26594.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gardner, R, Wu, D, Cherian, S, et al. Acquisition of a CD19-negative myeloid phenotype allows immune escape of MLL-rearranged B-ALL from CD19 CAR-T-cell therapy. Blood. 2016;127:2406–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ford, AM, Fasching, K, Panzer-Grumayer, ER, et al. Origins of ‘late’ relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with TEL-AML1 fusion genes. Blood. 2001;98:558–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lemez, P, Attarbaschi, A, Bene, MC, et al. Childhood near-tetraploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an EGIL study on 36 cases. Eur J Haematol. 2010;85:300–8.Google Scholar
Fang, M, Becker, PS, Linenberger, M, et al. Adult low-hypodiploid acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia with IKZF3 deletion and TP53 mutation: comparison with pediatric patients. Am J Clin Pathol. 2015;144:263–70.Google Scholar
Muhlbacher, V, Zenger, M, Schnittger, S, et al. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with low hypodiploid/near triploid karyotype is a specific clinical entity and exhibits a very high TP53 mutation frequency of 93%. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2014;53:524–36.Google Scholar
Holmfeldt, L, Wei, L, Diaz-Flores, E, et al. The genomic landscape of hypodiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Genet. 2013;45:242–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Comeaux, EQ, Mullighan, CG. TP53 Mutations in hypodiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2017 Mar 1;7(3):a026286. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026286.Google Scholar
Kanagal-Shamanna, R, Jain, P, Takahashi, K, et al. TP53 mutation does not confer a poor outcome in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who are treated with frontline hyper-CVAD-based regimens. Cancer. 2017;123:3717–24.Google Scholar
Roberts, KG, Li, Y, Payne-Turner, D, et al. Targetable kinase-activating lesions in Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:1005–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harewood, L, Robinson, H, Harris, R, et al. Amplification of AML1 on a duplicated chromosome 21 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a study of 20 cases. Leukemia. 2003;17:547–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, HM, Broadfield, ZJ, Cheung, KL, et al. Amplification of AML1 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia is associated with a poor outcome. Leukemia. 2003;17:2249–50.Google Scholar
Mullighan, CG. The genomic landscape of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and young adults. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2014;2014:174–80.Google Scholar
Girardi, T, Vicente, C, Cools, J, et al. The genetics and molecular biology of T-ALL. Blood. 2017;129:1113–23.Google Scholar
Gaipa, G, Basso, G, Biondi, A, et al. Detection of minimal residual disease in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2013;84:359–69.Google Scholar
Dworzak, MN, Gaipa, G, Ratei, R, et al. Standardization of flow cytometric minimal residual disease evaluation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: multicentric assessment is feasible. Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2008;74:331–40.Google ScholarPubMed
van Dongen, JJ, Lhermitte, L, Bottcher, S, et al. EuroFlow antibody panels for standardized n-dimensional flow cytometric immunophenotyping of normal, reactive and malignant leukocytes. Leukemia. 2012;26:1908–75.Google Scholar
Lucio, P, Parreira, A, van den Beemd, MW, et al. Flow cytometric analysis of normal B cell differentiation: a frame of reference for the detection of minimal residual disease in precursor-B-ALL. Leukemia. 1999;13:419–27.Google Scholar
Coustan-Smith, E, Song, G, Clark, C, et al. New markers for minimal residual disease detection in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2011;117:6267–76.Google Scholar
Chen, JS, Coustan-Smith, E, Suzuki, T, et al. Identification of novel markers for monitoring minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2001;97:2115–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowman, WP, Larsen, EL, Devidas, M, et al. Augmented therapy improves outcome for pediatric high risk acute lymphocytic leukemia: results of Children’s Oncology Group trial P9906. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2011;57:569–77.Google Scholar
van der Velden, VH, Jacobs, DC, Wijkhuijs, AJ, et al. Minimal residual disease levels in bone marrow and peripheral blood are comparable in children with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but not in precursor-B-ALL. Leukemia. 2002;16:1432–6.Google Scholar
Coustan-Smith, E, Sancho, J, Hancock, ML, et al. Use of peripheral blood instead of bone marrow to monitor residual disease in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2002;100:2399–402.Google Scholar
Bruggemann, M, Kotrova, M. Minimal residual testing in adult ALL: technical aspects and implications for correct clinical interpretation. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2017;13–21.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×