Dynamic TDD small cell management

doi:10.1017/CBO9781107297333.004

3 - Dynamic TDD small cell management

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 December 2015

Yi-Ting Lin and

Edited by

Mehdi Bennis and

Cheng-Chih Chao: Affiliation:
National Taiwan University
Yi-Ting Lin: Affiliation:
National Taiwan University
Hung-Yu Wei: Affiliation:
National Taiwan University
Alagan Anpalagan: Affiliation:
Ryerson Polytechnic University, Toronto
Mehdi Bennis: Affiliation:
University of Oulu, Finland
Rath Vannithamby: Affiliation:
Intel Corporation, Portland, Oregon

Book contents

Get access

Summary

In contrast to voice traffic, wireless data traffic is mostly asymmetric and time-variant with a requirement for a dynamically adjusting technique to divide the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) resource. In typical cellular systems, the length of UL resource and the length of DL resource are predetermined. In a typical frequency-division duplex (FDD) system, the UL and DL transmission use distinctive frequency bands, which is especially efficient in cases of symmetric traffic due to the avoidance of possible interference between UL and DL transmission. However the FDD system has difficulty in adjusting its UL and DL resource in asymmetric traffic since the resource division is operated by the duplexer in the hardware. A typical time-division duplex (TDD) system is capable of adjusting the UL and DL transmission in time domain. However, due to the requirement of synchronization in order to eliminate the interference, the UL and DL resource is still fixed. To support asymmetric and time-variant traffic, LTE provides small cell base stations (BSs) with dynamic TDD by supporting seven TDD UL/DL configurations, enabling the BSs dynamically to change the ratio of UP and DL resource to handle the time-variant traffic. Nevertheless, such a scheme also induces two type of interference: BS–BS interference and MS–MS interference. In this chapter the interference issues and several interference mitigation methods will be extensively discussed.

Dynamic TDD system overview

Introduction

To divide the UL and DL traffic resource, some typical communication systems apply FDD, where different frequency bands are used for transmitting and receiving, the benefit of which is that no interference will be incurred between UL and DL signals. For the symmetrical traffic on UL and DL (e.g., voice service), the FDD system is suitable since the BS is assigned the same amount of radio resource in the UL and DL. Whereas for wireless data services, FDD is not flexible enough to handle this type of dynamic UL/DL traffic due to the character of the UL and DL traffic being asymmetric and time-variant in these cases.

Compared to FDD, TDD is different in that the UL and DL resource is divided in time domain and can be easily adjusted. It possesses an advantage of greater flexibility in handling the dynamic UL/DL traffic. In the TDD system, the boundary between the UL and DL duty cycle is adaptively adjustable according to service requirements.

Type: Chapter
Information: Design and Deployment of Small Cell Networks , pp. 58 - 74

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107297333.004 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

[1] “Radio frequency (RF) system scenario (release 10),” 3GPP TS 36.211, June 2012.

[2] “Further enhancements to LTE time division duplex (TDD) for downlink-uplink (DL–UL) interference management and traffic adaptation,” 3GPP TR 36.828, June 2012.

[3] Li, J., Farahvash, S., Kavehrad, M., and Valenzuela, R.. “Dynamic TDD and fixed cellular networks,” IEEE Communication Letters, 2000.

[4] Chuang, J. C.-I.. “Performance limitations of TDD wireless personal communications with asynchronous radio ports,” Electron. Lett., 28(6): 532–534, March 1992.CrossRef Google Scholar

[5] Spyropoulos, I. and Zeidler, J. R.. “Supporting asymmetric traffic in a TDD/CDMA cellular network via interference-aware dynamic channel allocation and space v time LMMSE joint detection,” IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology, February 2009.

[6] Shen, Z., Khoryaev, A., Eriksson, E., and Pan, X.. “Dynamic uplink–downlink configuration and interference management in TD-LTE,” IEEE Communications Magazine, November 2012.

[7] Khoryaev, A., Chervyakov, A., Shilov, M., Panteleev, S., and Lomayev, A.. “Performance analysis of dynamic adjustment of TDD uplink–downlink configurations in outdoor picocell LTE networks,” 3rd International Workshop on Recent Advances in Broadband Access Networks 2012, pp. 914–921, 2012.

[8] Wang, Y., Valkealahti, K., Shu, K., Sankar, R., and Morgera, S.. “Performance evaluation of flexible TDD Switching in 3GPP LTE system,” 2012 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium, pp. 1–4, 2012.

[9] Chiang, C. H., Liao, W., Liu, T., Chan, I. K., and Chao, H. L.. “Adaptive downlink and uplink channel split ratio determination for TCP-based best effort traffic in TDD-based WiMAX networks,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 27(2):182–190, February.

[10] Kim, J. S., Choi, B.-G., Bae, S. J., Doh, I., and Chung, M. Y.. “Adaptive time division duplexing configuration mode selection mechanism for accommodating asymmetric traffic in time division long term evolution-advanced systems,” Trans. Emerging Tel. Tech., March 2013.

[11] Yu, B., Mukherjee, S., Ishii, H., and Yang, L.. “Dynamic TDD support in the LTE-B enhanced local area architecture,” GC'12 Workshop: The 4th IEEE International Workshop on Heterogeneous and Small Cell Networks (HetSNets), pp. 585–591, 2012.

[12] Lassila, P., Penttinen, A., and Aalto, S.. “Flow-level modeling and analysis of dynamic TDD in LTE,” 2012 8th Euro-NF Conference on Next Generation Internet (NGI), pp. 33–40, 2012.

[13] Al-Rawi, M. and Jantti, R.. “A dynamic TDD inter-cell interference coordination scheme for long term evolution networks,” 2011 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, pp. 1590–1594, 2011.

[14] Ji, H., Kim, Y., Choi, S., Cho, J., and Lee, J.. “Dynamic resource adaptation in beyond LTE-A TDD heterogeneous networks,” IEEE International Conference on Communications 2013: IEEE ICC'13, pp. 133–137, 2013.

[15] Song, P. and Jin, S.. “Performance Evaluation on dynamic dual layer beamforming transmission in TDD LTE system,” The 3rd International Conference on Communications and Information Technology (ICCIT-2013), pp. 269–274, 2013.

[16] Dowhuszko, A. A., Tirkkonen, O., Karjalainen, J., Henttonen, T., and Pirskanen, J.. “A decentralized cooperative uplink/downlink adaptation scheme for TDD small cell networks,” International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, pp. 1682–1687, September 2013.

[17] Janis, P., Ribeiro, C. B., and Koivunen, V.. “Flexible UL-DL switching point in TDD cellular local area wireless networks,” Mobile Network Applications, 17: 695–707, October 2012.CrossRef Google Scholar

[18] Khoryaev, A., Shilov, M., Panteleev, S., Chervyakov, A., and Lomayev, A.. “Feasibility analysis of dynamic adjustment of TDD configurations in macro–femto heterogeneous LTE networks,” Internet of Things, Smart Spaces, and Next Generation Networking, pp. 174–185, 2012.

[19] “Evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA); radio resource control (RRC); protocol specification (Release 10),” 3GPP TR 36.331 v10.11.0, September 2013.

[20] “Further advancements for E-UTRA physical layer aspects (Release 9),” 3GPP TR 36.814 v9.0.0, March 2010.

[21] Zhu, D. and Lei, M.. “Cluster-based dynamic DL–UL reconfiguration method in centralized RAN TDD with trellis exploration algorithm,” 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 50(10), April 2013.Google Scholar

Book contents

3 - Dynamic TDD small cell management

Summary

Access options

References

Save book to Kindle

Save book to Dropbox

Save book to Google Drive