Psychosocial factors, depression and illness

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511544293.003

2 - Psychosocial factors, depression and illness

from Part 1 - Introduction to depression and its determinants

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 September 2009

Stephen Stansfeld and

Farhat Rasul

Edited by

Andrew Steptoe

Show author details

Stephen Stansfeld: Affiliation:
Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
Farhat Rasul: Affiliation:
Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
Andrew Steptoe: Affiliation:
University College London

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Summary

Introduction

Depression, including the full range of minor to major depressive disorders, is a common and disabling condition. As with most psychological disorders, the aetiology of depression is multifactorial, but social and psychological factors play a more prominent role in its aetiology than in most other conditions in medicine. This has importance both in understanding the aetiology and in finding opportunities for prevention and devising psychological and social treatments.

This chapter describes the evidence for social and psychological factors playing a role in the aetiology of depression. Social factors include general factors at the level of human society concerned with social structure and social processes that impinge on the individual. Psychological factors include individual-level processes and meanings that influence mental states. Sometimes these words are combined as ‘psychosocial’. This is a shorthand term for the combination of psychological and social, but it also implies that the effect of social processes is sometimes mediated through psychological understanding. Hence, it has been said that the impact of social inequality on health may be mediated partly through perceptions of shame.

Much of the data on psychosocial factors and mental health deal with broader categories than depression, such as common mental disorder, of which depression is a prominent component. This chapter focuses on depressive disorders but also includes landmark studies that have used the broader categories that illustrate the role of psychosocial variables.

Sociodemographic factors

Gender differences in depression

Both major and minor depressive disorders are more common in women than men [1, 2].

Keywords

depression ethnicity mental illness physical illness sociodemographic factors socioeconomic position psychological factors psychosocial risk factors

Type: Chapter
Information: Depression and Physical Illness , pp. 19 - 50

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544293.003 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2006

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2 - Psychosocial factors, depression and illness

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