Chapter 4 argues that contemporary democratic crises are largely caused by failure to consider the origins of democracy in the integration processes described above. Primarily, such crisis is caused by the fact that both democratic theory in general and constitutional theory more specifically do not acknowledge the global sources of constitutional democracy, and they retain the belief that democracy is legitimated by real collective subjects. Democratic crisis tends to occur when processes of integration linked to international norms are weakened or discredited, and sectors of the population are persuaded to respond to this by identifying with classical constructions of democratic subjectivity.