The growing use of drones is discussed in detail in this chapter. The chapter shows that their intensive use by both state and non-state actors is largely due to the fact that they provide a significant enhancement in aerial awareness at a relatively low cost and low risk. In the Middle East and North Africa, armed drones have been deployed in the Gaza Strip, Iraq, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Yemen, and other theaters. The roots of Iran’s drone program go back to the 1980–8 war with Iraq. Since the early 1980s, Iran has developed strong and diversified drone capabilities. Its arsenal today includes a broad and sophisticated range of non-weaponized surveillance and armed drones.