Cyber warfare plays a major role in Iran’s asymmetric defense strategy. Since the early 2000s, the Iranian government has invested substantial resources in both defensive and offensive cyber capabilities and has demonstrated a willingness to and relative effectiveness in using these capabilities against its opponents both at home and abroad. Iran’s presence in cyberspace has played a central role in the country’s domestic and foreign policies strategies. Cyber tools have enabled Tehran to address domestic threats to the sanctity of the Islamic regime while simultaneously providing an offensive toolkit aimed at punishing its regional and international adversaries.